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Published Date: 2019-07-25 10:14:17
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> West Nile virus (19): Americas (Brazil) horse, OIE
Archive Number: 20190725.6586397
WEST NILE VIRUS (19): AMERICAS (BRAZIL) HORSE, OIE
**************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
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ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
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In this post:
[1] Espirito Santo
[2] Ceara

*****
[1] Espirito Santo
Date: Tue 23 Jul 2019
Source: OIE, WAHIS (World Animal Health Information System), weekly disease information 2019; 32(30) [edited] http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Reviewreport/Review?page_refer=MapFullEventReport&reportid=31177


West Nile fever, Brazil
-----------------------
Information received on [and dated] 23 Jul 2019 from Dr Geraldo Marcos De Moraes, Director, [Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Supply], Brasilia, Brazil

Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 11 Jun 2019
Date of confirmation of the event: 19 Jul 2019
Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 5 Dec 2018
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: West Nile virus
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, laboratory (advanced)
This event pertains to a defined zone within the country.

New outbreaks (1)
Summary of outbreaks:
Total outbreaks: 1
Outbreak location: Joao Neiva, Espirito Santo
Date of start of the outbreak: 11 Jun 2019
Outbreak status: continuing (or date resolved not provided)
Epidemiological unit: farm
Total animals affected
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of / Slaughtered
Equidae / 6 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0

Outbreak statistics [rates apparent, expressed as percentages]
Species / Morbidity rate / Mortality rate / Case fatality rate / Proportion susceptible animals lost*
Equidae / 16.67 / 16.67 / 100 / 16.67
*Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction, and/or slaughter

Epidemiology
Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection: vectors
Epidemiological comments: the outbreak was detected from surveillance actions for nervous syndrome in herbivores. Initially, the sample was tested for herbivores rabies and, in the face of negative results, it was tested for West Nile virus. The official veterinary service continues to investigate cases of mortality of equidae associated with neurological signs.

Control measures
Measures applied: surveillance within containment and/or protection zone; vaccination permitted (if a vaccine exists); no treatment of affected animals
Measures to be applied: no other measures

Diagnostic test results
Laboratory name and type / Species / Test / Test date / Result
Federal Laboratory for Agricultural Defense - LFDA/MG (national laboratory) / Equidae / gene sequencing / 19 Jul 2019 / Positive
Federal Laboratory for Agricultural Defense - LFDA/MG (national laboratory) / Equidae / reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) / 15 Jul 2019 / Positive

Future reporting
The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.

[The location of the outbreak can be seen on the interactive map included in the OIE report at the source URL above.]

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[HealthMap/ProMED-mail map of Espirito Santo, Brazil: http://healthmap.org/promed/p/65165

******
[2] Ceara
Date: Tue 23 Jul 2019
Source: OIE, WAHID (World Animal Health Information Database), weekly disease information 2019; [edited] http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Reviewreport/Review?page_refer=MapFullEventReport&reportid=31179


West Nile fever, Brazil
-----------------------
Information received on [and dated] 23 Jul 2019 from Dr Geraldo Marcos De Moraes, Director, [Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Supply], Brasilia, Brazil

Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 4 Jun 2019
Date of confirmation of the event: 19 Jul 2019
Reason for notification: 1st occurrence of a listed disease
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: West Nile virus
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, laboratory (advanced)
This event pertains to a defined zone within the country.

New outbreaks (1)
Summary of outbreaks:
Total outbreaks: 1
Outbreak location: Boa Viagem, Ceara
Date of start of the outbreak: 4 Jun 2019
Outbreak status: continuing (or date resolved not provided)
Epidemiological unit: farm
Total animals affected
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of / Slaughtered
Equidae / 7 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0

Outbreak statistics [rates apparent, expressed as percentages]
Species / Morbidity rate / Mortality rate / Case fatality rate / Proportion susceptible animals lost*
Equidae/ 14.29 / 14.29 / 100 / 14.29
*Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction, and/or slaughter

Epidemiology
Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection: vectors
Epidemiological comments: the outbreak was detected from surveillance actions for nervous syndrome in herbivores. Initially, the sample was tested for herbivores rabies and, in the face of negative results, it was tested for West Nile virus. The official veterinary service continues to investigate cases of mortality of equidae associated with neurological signs.

Control measures
Measures applied: surveillance within containment and/or protection zone; vaccination permitted (if a vaccine exists); no treatment of affected animals
Measures to be applied: no other measures

Diagnostic test results
Laboratory name and type / Species / Test / Test date / Result
Federal Laboratory for Agricultural Defense - LFDA/MG (national laboratory) / Equidae / gene sequencing / 19 Jul 2019 / Positive
Federal Laboratory for Agricultural Defense - LFDA/MG (national laboratory)/ Equidae / reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) / 19 Jul 2019 / Positive

Future reporting
The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.

[The location of the outbreak can be seen on the interactive map included in the OIE report at the source URL above.]

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[HealthMap/ProMED-mail map of Ceara, Brazil: http://healthmap.org/promed/p/64746

"West Nile fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease that can affect birds, humans, and horses causing inapparent infection, mild febrile illness, meningitis, encephalitis, or death. West Nile virus (WNV) is a member of the genus _Flavivirus_ in the family Flaviviridae. The arbovirus is maintained in nature by cycling through birds and mosquitoes; numerous avian and mosquito species support virus replication. For many avian species, WNV infection causes no overt signs while other birds, such as American crows (_Corvus brachyrhynchos_) and blue jays (_Cyanocitta cristata_), often succumb to fatal systemic illness. Among mammals, clinical disease is primarily exhibited in horses and humans.

"Clinical signs of WNV infection in horses arise from viral-induced encephalitis or encephalomyelitis. Infections are dependent on mosquito transmission and are seasonal in temperate climates, peaking in the early autumn in the Northern Hemisphere. Affected horses frequently demonstrate mild to severe ataxia. Signs can range from slight incoordination to recumbency. Some horses exhibit weakness, muscle fasciculation, and cranial nerve deficits. Fever is not a consistently recognised feature of the disease in horses."
Source: http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahm/3.01.24_WEST_NILE.pdf.
- Mod.CRD]

See Also

West Nile virus (03): Americas (Brazil) 20190208.6306915
2018
----
West Nile virus (05): Americas (Brazil) equine, OIE 20180608.5845490
2014
----
West Nile virus - South America (03): Brazil (PI) equine, human 20141224.3052066
West Nile virus - South America (02): Brazil (PI) conf. 20141007.2840309
West Nile virus - South America: Brazil (PI) susp. 20141006.2837004
West Nile virus, equine - Brazil: (MS) 1st rep 20110809.2410
2006
----
West Nile Virus Update 2006 - Western Hemisphere (23): Argentina: 1st case 20061228.3642
West Nile virus, equines - Argentina (03): OIE 20060427.1220
West Nile virus, equines - Argentina (02) 20060426.1216
West Nile virus, equines - Argentina (02) 20060425.1204
West Nile virus - Argentina: equines, RFI 20060423.1196
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