viernes, 8 de junio de 2018

ProMED-mail

ProMED-mail

ProMED logo

« prev

ProMED logo

Published Date: 2018-06-08 06:36:14
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> West Nile virus (05): Americas (Brazil) equine, OIE
Archive Number: 20180608.5845490
WEST NILE VIRUS (05): AMERICAS (BRAZIL) EQUINE, OIE
***************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org

Date: Thu 6 Jun 2018
Source: OIE, WAHID (World Animal Health Information Database), weekly disease information 2018; 31 [edited]
[edited] http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Reviewreport/Review?page_refer=MapFullEventReport&reportid=26803


West Nile fever, Brazil
-----------------------
Information received on [and dated] 6 Jun 2018 from Dr Figueiredo Marques Guilherme Henrique, director, [Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Supply], Brasilia, Brazil

Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 25 Apr 2018
Date of confirmation of the event: 4 Jun 2018
Reason for notification: 1st occurrence of a listed disease
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: West Nile fever virus
Nature of diagnosis: laboratory (advanced)
This event pertains to a defined zone within the country.

New outbreaks (1)
Summary of outbreaks:
Total outbreaks: 1
Outbreak 1 (32049060046): São Mateus, Espírito Santo
Date of start of the outbreak: 25 Apr 2018
Outbreak status: continuing (or date resolved not provided)
Epidemiological unit: farm
Total animals affected
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of / Slaughtered
Equidae / 3 / 1 / 0 / 1 / -
Affected population: an adult equine showing motion incoordination and lateral decubitus has been euthanized for the purposes of sampling. The other animals of the property did not show clinical signs.

Outbreak statistics [rates apparent, expressed as percentages]
Species / Morbidity rate / Mortality rate / Case fatality rate / Proportion susceptible animals lost*
Equidae/ 33 / 0 / 0 / 33
*Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction, and/or slaughter

Epidemiology
Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection: vectors
Epidemiological comments
The official veterinary services are investigating notifications of mortality in equines associated with neurological signs in the north east region of the state of Espírito Santo. Initially, the samples have been tested in order to detect rabies in herbivores. Because of negative results, the samples were sent to the Evandro Chagas Institute, reference national laboratory of the Ministry of Health, to investigate arbovirosis. Complementary laboratory and epidemiological investigations are on-going, in collaboration with the national and local human health services, as well as alert communication actions to report suspicious cases.

Control measures
Measures applied: surveillance within containment and/or protection zone, vaccination permitted (if a vaccine exists), no treatment of affected animals
Measures to be applied: no other measures

Diagnostic test results
Laboratory name and type / Species / Test / Test date / Result
Evandro Chagas Institute (national laboratory) / Equidae / real-time reverse transcriptase / polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) / 4 Jun 2018 / Positive
Animal virology laboratory, Minas Gerais Federal University (regional laboratory) / Equidae / nested RT- PCR) / 4 Jun 2018 / Positive

Future reporting
The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.

[The location of the outbreak can be seen on the interactive map included in the OIE report at the source URL above.]

--
communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

["West Nile fever is a mosquitoborne viral disease that can affect birds, humans, and horses causing inapparent infection, mild febrile illness, meningitis, encephalitis, or death. West Nile virus (WNV) is a member of the genus _Flavivirus_ in the family Flaviviridae. The arbovirus is maintained in nature by cycling through birds and mosquitoes; numerous avian and mosquito species support virus replication. For many avian species WNV infection causes no overt signs while other birds, such as American crows (_Corvus brachyrhynchos_) and blue jays (_Cyanocitta cristata_), often succumb to fatal systemic illness. Among mammals, clinical disease is primarily exhibited in horses and humans.

"Clinical signs of WNV infection in horses arise from viral-induced encephalitis or encephalomyelitis. Infections are dependent on mosquito transmission and are seasonal in temperate climates, peaking in the early autumn in the northern hemisphere. Affected horses frequently demonstrate mild to severe ataxia. Signs can range from slight incoordination to recumbency. Some horses exhibit weakness, muscle fasciculation, and cranial nerve deficits. Fever is not a consistently recognised feature of the disease in horses.

"WNV has a wide geographical range that includes parts of Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia (Kunjin virus), and in North, Central, and South America. Migratory birds are thought to be primarily responsible for virus dispersal, including reintroduction of WNV from endemic areas into regions that experience sporadic outbreaks. WNV is maintained in a mosquito-bird-mosquito transmission cycle, whereas humans and horses are considered dead end hosts."
(http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahm/2.01.24_WEST_NILE.pdf)

HealthMap/ProMED-mail map of São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil: http://healthmap.org/promed/p/57935. - Mod.CRD]

See Also

2014
---
West Nile virus - South America (03): Brazil (PI) equine, human 20141224.3052066
West Nile virus - South America (02): Brazil (PI) conf. 20141007.2840309
West Nile virus - South America: Brazil (PI) susp. 20141006.2837004
2011
---
West Nile virus, equine - Brazil: (MS) 1st rep 20110809.2410
2006
---
West Nile Virus Update 2006 - Western Hemisphere (23): Argentina: 1st case 20061228.3642
West Nile virus, equines - Argentina (03): OIE 20060427.1220
West Nile virus, equines - Argentina (02) 20060426.1216
West Nile virus, equines - Argentina (02) 20060425.1204
West Nile virus - Argentina: equines, RFI 20060423.1196
.................................................crd/mj/sh

ProMED logo
Publicado por en

No hay comentarios:

Publicar un comentario

Suscribirse a: Enviar comentarios (Atom)