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Published Date: 2019-04-22 15:35:21
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Streptococcus suis - Thailand: raw pork or pork blood
Archive Number: 20190422.6433945
STREPTOCOCCUS SUIS - THAILAND: RAW PORK OR PORK BLOOD
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International Society for Infectious Diseases
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Date: Sat 20 Apr 2019
Source: Outbreak News Today [edited]
http://outbreaknewstoday.com/streptococcus-suis-infections-thailand-10-deaths-first-three-months-95460/


The Thailand Division of Disease Control (DDC) with the Ministry of Health (MOH) is warning (computer translated) the public against eating pork that isn't properly cooked due to the risk of _Streptococcus suis_ infection. During the first 3 months of 2019, health officials have reported 50 _S. suis_ infections, including 10 fatalities.

The risk to the community is raw pork dishes mixed with raw pigs blood, like spicy minced pork and spicy blood pork soup.

Human _Streptococcus suis_ infection is a zoonotic infection associated with pigs. The infection can be fatal, particularly if the specific strain produces certain toxins. _S. suis_ infection can manifest itself in meningitis, hearing impairment, toxic shock, septicemia and endocarditis. It can be contracted either through ingesting raw pork or if it comes in contact with an open wound or mucous membrane.

To prevent the disease, members of the public are advised to always practice personal and environmental hygiene. They should avoid contact with pigs that are sick or dead from diseases and their excreta or body fluid. If contact with pigs or raw pork is necessary, one should: use protective gloves; wash hands after handling pigs or raw pork; and clean and cover all wounds properly.

In 2018, Thailand reported 338 cases and 29 deaths.

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Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap Alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>

[_Streptococcus suis_ is facultative anaerobic gram-positive alpha-hemolytic coccus that is sub-divided into at least 35 serotypes, based on antigenicity of their capsular polysaccharides (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3623174/); serotypes vary in pathogenicity (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5244560/). Serotype 2 is the most frequently isolated serotype from diseased animals. _S. suis_ has been isolated from asymptomatic pigs; the natural habitat of _S. suis_ is the upper respiratory tract, particularly the tonsils and nasal cavities, and the genital and alimentary tract of pigs (https://www.farmhealthonline.com/US/disease-management/pig-diseases/streptococcus-suis/); but virulent strains can cause serious disease mainly in suckling and recently weaned pigs (polyarthritis, meningitis, and septicemia) (https://vetmed.iastate.edu/vdpam/FSVD/swine/index-diseases/streptococcal-infection).

_S. suis_ can cause potentially fatal zoonotic infection in humans, namely meningitis, septicemia, and endocarditis (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC97186/). Toxic shock may also occur if the strain produces the appropriate toxins.

Human _S. suis_ infection occurs mainly among those who slaughter infected pigs. Eating appropriately cooked meat or organs from infected pigs is said to pose no risk of _S. suis_ infection. However, people who eat raw infected pork and cooks who prepare food from infected pork meat and organs would also be at risk of infection. Person-to-person spread does not seem to occur (see http://jac.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/50/2/201).

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), a viral infection in pigs is known to have an immunosuppressive effect, which is thought to increase pigs' susceptibility to infection with _S. suis_. - Mod.ML

HealthMap/ProMED map available at:
Thailand: http://healthmap.org/promed/p/151]

See Also

2016
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Streptococcus suis - China: (HK) butcher, raw pork 20160708.4333061
2015 
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Streptococcus suis - China: (HK) raw pork 20150721.3525855
2014
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Streptococcus suis, human - China: (HK) fatal 20140826.2725059
Streptococcus suis - Viet Nam: (TB) human, fatal, alert 20140210.2269028
2013
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Streptococcus suis - China: (HK) human, fatal 20130315.1587613
Streptococcus suis - Viet Nam (02): (Hanoi) human, fatal 20130222.1555258
Streptococcus suis - Viet Nam: (QM, QG) human 20130123.1510728
2012
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Streptococcus suis, human - Viet Nam (02): (Hanoi) fatal 20120922.1304708
Streptococcus suis, human - Viet Nam 20120626.1181644
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