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Published Date: 2019-05-18 11:33:40
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Mayaro virus - Americas (02): Brazil (RJ)
Archive Number: 20190518.6474507
MAYARO VIRUS - AMERICAS (02): BRAZIL (RIO DE JANEIRO)
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A ProMED-mail post
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Date: Fri 17 May 2019
Source: The Rio Times [edited]
https://riotimesonline.com/brazil-news/rio-politics/society/rio-university-discovers-mayaro-virus-plaguing-the-countrys-southeast/


A new threat to public health haunts the state of Rio de Janeiro: Scientists at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) have discovered that a virus with symptoms similar to those of the chikungunya virus [infection] may precipitate an epidemic in the Southeast.

Both have similar characteristics, such as disabling intense joint pains that last for months. There is no vaccine or any specific treatment.

Laboratory tests have shown that the Mayaro virus can be transmitted by both the _Aedes_ mosquito and the common mosquito (_Culex_). According to Amilcar Tanuri, coordinator of the Laboratory of Molecular Virology at UFRJ, where the study was carried out, this increases the risk of an epidemic.

Mistaken for chikungunya [virus], Mayaro [virus] has been present in Rio since 2016. Additionally, the gravity of the discovery lies in the fact that the cases are autochthonous, meaning the victims were infected here, rather than in other locations. To date, 3 cases are known, all from Niteroi.

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[Mayaro virus (MAYV) has been found to cause human disease in other areas in Brazil. This is the 1st report of Mayaro virus infection in Rio de Janeiro state that ProMED-mail has posted. The 1st report of Mayaro virus cases was in 1955, in an outbreak in Para state, Brazil. In 2011, thousands of cases of Mayaro fever were reported an outbreak occurred in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.

As Mod.JT noted in an early ProMED-mail post, MAYV, of the _Alphavirus_ genus, Togaviridae family, is endemic in tropical areas of South America (Trinidad, Suriname, French Guyana, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia and Venezuela). The transmission cycle is very similar to yellow fever virus, utilizing primates as reservoirs and _Haemagogus_ mosquitoes as vectors.

MAYV has been associated with a variety of mosquitoes that are possible vectors that can transmit it humans. MAYV has been isolated from _Aedes aegypti_ and _Culex quinquefasciatus_ captured in the field in Brazil. _Anopheles_ mosquitoes have been implicated as important virus vectors (see references below).

References
Brustolin M, Pujhari S, Henderson CA, Rasgon JL. _Anopheles_ mosquitoes may drive invasion and transmission of Mayaro virus across geographically diverse regions. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018;12(11):e0006895. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006895
Serra OP, Cardoso BF, Ribeiro AL, et al. Mayaro virus and dengue virus 1 and 4 natural infection in culicids from Cuiaba, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2016;111(1):20-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760150270

Several public health experts have expressed concern that MAYV could become a significant problem in the tropical Americas. - Mod.TY

HealthMap/ProMED-mail maps:
Brazil: http://healthmap.org/promed/p/6
Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil: http://healthmap.org/promed/p/1650]

See Also

Mayaro virus - Americas: PAHO/WHO 20190503.6454329
2017
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Mayaro virus disease - Brazil 20170913.5312944
2016
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Mayaro virus disease - Brazil 20161128.4658296
Mayaro virus disease - Haiti 20160917.4494329
2015
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Mayaro virus disease - Brazil (GO) RFI 20150705.3485723
2011
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Mayaro virus disease - Brazil: (AM) 20110222.0587
2010
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Mayaro virus disease - France ex Brazil (02) 20100610.1957
Mayaro virus disease - France ex Brazil 20100507.1481
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