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Published Date: 2019-06-02 12:10:40
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Salmonellosis, st Typhimurium - USA (03): pet hedgehog
Archive Number: 20190602.6498690
SALMONELLOSIS, SEROTYPE TYPHIMURIUM - USA (03): PET HEDGEHOG
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Date: Thu 30 May 2019
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [edited]
https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/typhimurium-01-19/index.html


CDC and public health officials in several states are investigating a multistate outbreak of _Salmonella _ Typhimurium infections linked to contact with pet hedgehogs.

Public health investigators are using the PulseNet system to identify illnesses that may be part of this outbreak. PulseNet is the national subtyping network of public health laboratories coordinated by CDC. DNA fingerprinting is performed on salmonella bacteria isolated from ill people by using techniques called pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole genome sequencing (WGS). CDC PulseNet manages a national database of these DNA fingerprints to identify possible outbreaks. WGS gives a more detailed DNA fingerprint than PFGE. WGS performed on salmonella from ill people in this outbreak showed that they are closely related genetically. This means that the ill people are more likely to share a common source of infection.

As of 30 May 2019, 27 people infected with the outbreak strain of _Salmonella_ Typhimurium have been reported from 17 states.

State / Ill people
--------------
California / 2
Colorado / 1
Indiana / 2
Iowa / 1
Kansas / 1
Maine / 1
Michigan / 1
Minnesota / 5
Mississippi / 1
Missouri / 3
Nebraska / 1
Oregon / 1
Tennessee / 1
Texas / 1
Virginia / 2
Washington / 1
Wyoming / 2
------------
Total / 27

Illnesses started on dates from 22 Oct 2018 to 8 Apr 2019. Ill people range in age from 2 to 95 years, with a median age of 14 years. 55 per cent are female. Of 17 people with information available, 2 (12%) have been hospitalized. No deaths have been reported.

In interviews, ill people answered questions about animal contact in the week before they became ill. Of 20 people interviewed, 18 (90%) reported contact with hedgehogs before becoming ill. Ill people reported buying hedgehogs from various sources, including pet stores, breeders, or online.

The outbreak strain of _Salmonella_ Typhimurium was identified in samples collected from 10 hedgehogs in Minnesota, including 5 hedgehogs from the homes of 5 ill patients. A common source of hedgehogs has not been identified. Regardless of where hedgehogs are purchased, these animals can carry salmonella germs that can make people sick. Hedgehog owners should always follow steps to stay healthy around their pet.

This investigation is ongoing, and CDC will provide updates when more information becomes available.

--
communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap Alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>

[A hedgehog is any of the spiny mammals of the subfamily Erinaceidae, in the Eulipotyphlan family Erinaceidae. There are 17 species of hedgehog in 5 genera found through parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, and in New Zealand by introduction. A number of outbreaks of human salmonellosis have been linked to contact with these animals. - Mod.LL

HealthMap/ProMED map available at:
United States: http://healthmap.org/promed/p/106]

See Also

Salmonellosis, st. Typhimurium - USA (02): pet hedgehog 20190404.6404908
Salmonellosis, st. Typhimurium - USA: pet hedgehogs 20190126.6279027
Salmonellosis - USA: (MI) live poultry, mail-order hatchery 20190103.6241365
2018
---
Salmonellosis, st. Enteritidis - USA (03): guinea pig contact, 2015-2017 20181029.6113670
Salmonellosis - USA (07): live poultry, multiple serotypes 20180801.5941685
Salmonellosis - USA (06): live poultry, multiple serotypes 20180610.5848079
Salmonellosis - USA (05): (Chicago) jail inmates 20180510.5791825
Salmonellosis, st. Agbeni - USA: pet turtles 20180314.5686835
Salmonellosis, st. Enteritidis - USA: guinea pig exposure 20180307.5671605
Salmonellosis, st. Reading - USA: (MN) children, raw pet food, alert, recall 20180211.5620484
and other items in the archives
.................................................sb/ll/msp/sh

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