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Published Date: 2019-07-12 09:57:06
Subject: PRO/PL> Panama disease TR4, banana - Americas: 1st rep (Colombia) susp
Archive Number: 20190712.6564489
PANAMA DISEASE TROPICAL RACE 4, BANANA - AMERICAS: FIRST REPORT (COLOMBIA) SUSPECTED
************************************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org

Date: Thu 11 Jul 2019 00:47 ECT
Source: Expreso [in Spanish, trans. Corr.SB, summ. Mod.DHA, edited]
https://www.expreso.ec/economia/inec-impactoeconomico-raza4-ministerioagricultura-agrocalidad-resolucionesborradas-fincas-XE2969617


The Colombian Ministry of Agriculture has initiated an information campaign about fusarium cubense race 4 (TR4) and has sent out personnel to monitor farms where musaceous crops are grown, given the possible presence of this pest in 2 Colombian plantations.

The farms in the department of La Guajira are declared as under phytosanitary quarantine because of the presence of symptoms "associated with _Fusarium oxysporum_ f. sp. _cubense_ tropical race 4." Infected plants are surrounded by security zones which are again surrounded by zones "under observation."

The information detailing the situation on the affected farms and the degree of infection was initially published by the Colombian Agricultural Institute (ICA) and subsequently erased, but recovered by sources in Ecuador. The Ecuadorian government has not given details of the situation in their country and has not informed Ecuadorian growers about the quarantined farms.

Bananas and plantains are amongst the most important crops in Colombia, cultivated on nearly 300 000 hectares [about 741 000 acres].

[Byline: Guillermo Lizarzaburu]

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[Panama disease of banana (PD, also called fungal or fusarium wilt) is caused by the soil borne fungus _Fusarium oxysporum_ f. sp. _cubense_. Symptoms include yellowing, wilting, and streaking of pseudostem; affected plants die rapidly. The pathogen is spread by infected planting material, mechanical means (including human and insect activities), soil, and water.

Disease management for PD is difficult and mostly relies on phytosanitation for pathogen exclusion. The fungus can survive in the soil for decades, and consequently crop rotation with non-hosts is not likely to control the disease effectively. No effective chemical or cultural control measures are available. Integrated approaches have been developed (ProMED-mail post 20090419.1483), which may include cultural practices, certified clean planting material and biocontrol agents such as _Trichoderma_ species (for example, ProMED-mail post 20160317.4102576 and see link below). Breeding programmes and molecular techniques are being used to develop crop cultivars with increased resistance or tolerance to the different fungal strains. Constant vigilance is required in areas where the fungus is present to prevent flare-ups and recognise emerging new strains.

Several races of the pathogen exist, varying in host range. Cavendish banana varieties (_Musa_ AAA, see links below) replaced the original eating varieties (such as Gros Michel) because they are resistant to the original fungal strain. They include most of the current commercial eating bananas. Cavendish-affecting strains, such as temperate (subtropical) and tropical races 4, as well as a new strain of race 1 (ProMED-mail post 20101223.4510), have emerged since from Asia and Oceania.

In recent years, tropical race 4 (TR4) has also been reported in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia and is of great concern worldwide (see previous ProMED-mail posts in the archives). If the diagnosis above can be confirmed, this appears to be the 1st report of TR4 in the Americas.

Maps
Colombia:
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/80/08/ab/8008abded64a61556a928c4f3388965b.gif and
http://healthmap.org/promed/p/35279
Colombia departments:
https://www.mapsofworld.com/colombia/maps/colombia-political-map.jpg
South America, overview:
http://ontheworldmap.com/south-america/political-map-of-south-america.jpg

Pictures
PD symptoms on banana:
https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/image/0018/51345/5243-Jeff-Daniells-Fus-Wilt-TR4.JPG,
https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.mp-cdn.net/4c/82/45151b125ec633bced8491eb0c87-will-panama-disease-kill-off-bananas-now-there-is-no-new-varieties-of-plants.jpg,
http://www.promusa.org/dl2820?display&x=248&y=371, and
http://breedingbetterbananas.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/1024_TR4-Collage-1024x475-881x409.jpg
PD affected plantations:
https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/image/0006/168918/Fusarium-wilt-external-symptoms-Suzy-Perry.JPG,
https://cdn.newsapi.com.au/image/v1/09621faae32c6b454b538b57a3641204?width=1024,
https://www.dominicavibes.dm/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/6010-large.jpg, and
http://www.abc.net.au/reslib/201001/r501587_2654835.jpg
_F. o._ f.sp. _cubense_ culture:
http://www.ediblegeography.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Panama-Disease.jpg

Links
Additional news story:
http://www.fruitnet.com/eurofruit/article/179162/tr4-suspected-in-colombia-banana-plantation
Information on Panama disease:
http://www.promusa.org/Fusarium+wilt,
https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/business-priorities/biosecurity/plant/health-pests-diseases/a-z-list-of-emergency-plant-pests-and-diseases/panama-disease,
http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/php/management/bananapanama/,
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-08-29/feature-banana/4922208, and
https://fusariumwilt.org/index.php/en/about-fusarium-wilt/
Information on race TR4:
http://www.fao.org/world-banana-forum/projects/fusarium-tr4/disease/en/,
http://www.promusa.org/Tropical+race+4+-+TR4,
https://phys.org/news/2018-04-path-panama-disease-fungus.html, and
http://www.agriculture.gov.au/pests-diseases-weeds/plant/panama-disease-tropical-race-4
TR4 current distribution map:
http://www.fao.org/uploads/pics/banana_map_01.JPG
FAO media release for new global TR4 campaign:
http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/1044761/icode/
_F. oxysporum_ f.sp. _cubense_ taxonomy and synonyms:
http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=100056 and
http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=218372
Information on _Trichoderma_ species and use as biocontrol agents:
https://biocontrol.entomology.cornell.edu/pathogens/trichoderma.php
Cultivars and hybrids of banana and plantain:
http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Musa.html and
http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Musa-cvs.html
Colombian Agricultural Institute (ICA):
https://www.ica.gov.co/home?lang=en-us
- Mod.DHA]

See Also

Panama disease, banana - Thailand: (CR) susp 20190702.6548142
Panama disease TR4, banana - Israel 20190411.6415884
2018
----
Panama disease TR4, banana - India: spread 20180427.5770596
Panama disease TR4, banana - Myanmar: 1st rep 20180405.5727838
2017
----
Panama disease TR4, banana - Laos, Viet Nam: 1st reps 20171108.5432554
2016
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Panama disease TR4, banana - Philippines, Australia 20160317.4102576
2015
----
Panama disease TR4, banana - Australia (02): (QL) spread 20150411.3288176
Panama disease TR4, banana - Pakistan, Lebanon: 1st reps 20150402.3271568
Panama disease TR4, banana - Australia: (QL) 20150305.3208525
2014
----
Panama disease TR4, banana - Mozambique, Indonesia 20140723.2629695
Panama disease, banana - Peru: (LL) 20140312.2329435
2013
----
Panama disease TR4, banana - Africa: 1st rep, Mozambique 20131206.2095450
Panama disease TR4, banana - Middle East: 1st rep. Jordan 20131107.2044265
Panama disease, banana - Bolivia: (CB) susp 20131017.2006015
Panama disease, banana - Kenya: (KK) 20130419.1656450
and older items in the archives
.................................................sb/dha/mj/lxl

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