GESTIÓN EN SALUD PÚBLICA: ProMED-mail

12 Jan 2019 Japanese encephalitis & other - India (01)
12 Jan 2019 Diarrheal shellfish poisoning - Namibia: (ER), alert
12 Jan 2019 Trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) - Sri Lanka: canine, 1st rep., preliminary, RFI
12 Jan 2019 Measles update (03): Europe, Americas, Asia, Africa, vaccine
12 Jan 2019 Dengue/DHF update (02): Asia, Pacific, Australia, research
11 Jan 2019 Foot & mouth disease - Morocco: (BK) bovine, serotype pending, OIE
11 Jan 2019 MERS-CoV (05): Eastern Mediterranean region, EMRO
11 Jan 2019 Newcastle disease, poultry - USA: (CA) commercial flocks
11 Jan 2019 Bluetongue - Europe: Germany (RP) bovine, st 8, spread
11 Jan 2019 Diphtheria - Germany: toxigenic, cutaneous, siblings, suspected ex Somalia
11 Jan 2019 Anthrax - Tanzania: (SO) bovine, human
11 Jan 2019 Foot & mouth disease - Russia: (PR) porcine, st O, OIE
11 Jan 2019 Lassa fever - West Africa (03): Nigeria
11 Jan 2019 Foot & mouth disease - Tunisia: (JE, KS) bovine, ovine, st O, spread, OIE
11 Jan 2019 Ebola update (04): Congo DR (NK,IT) cases, WHO, travel, treatment
10 Jan 2019 Anthrax - Malawi (02): (MA) hippopotamus, last cases?
10 Jan 2019 Poliomyelitis update (03): global (Mozambique), Pakistan 2018
10 Jan 2019 Typhoid fever - USA: ex Pakistan, multidrug resistance, CDC 2018
10 Jan 2019 Bovine tuberculosis - Canada: (BC) bovine, new strain
10 Jan 2019 African swine fever - Europe (04): Belgium (LX) wild boar, spread conf
10 Jan 2019 Influenza (01): WHO global update, H3N2, oncology ward, 2017
10 Jan 2019 Acute flaccid myelitis - North America (01): USA, update
10 Jan 2019 Hepatitis A - USA (02): (OH, IN, FL)
09 Jan 2019 Equine influenza - Nigeria: (SO) serotype pending, OIE
09 Jan 2019 Potato yellow blotch virus - UK: new potyvirus
09 Jan 2019 Yellow fever - Africa: Nigeria, WHO
09 Jan 2019 Gonococcal disease - UK: antibiotic resistance, ceftriaxone/azithromycin
09 Jan 2019 Plague - USA: (WY) feline
09 Jan 2019 MERS-CoV (04): Saudi Arabia (MK)
09 Jan 2019 Cholera, diarrhea & dysentery update: Africa, Asia
09 Jan 2019 Poliomyelitis update (02): DR Congo, cVDPV, WHO, China, vaccine challenges
09 Jan 2019 Leishmaniasis - Syria: (HM) cutaneous
09 Jan 2019 Porcine epidemic diarrhea - North America: Canada (AB) 1st report
09 Jan 2019 Avian influenza (02): India (BR, OR) zoo and wild birds, HPAI H5N1, OIE
09 Jan 2019 Kyasanur Forest disease - India (02): (KA) human, monkey, update
09 Jan 2019 Ebola update (03): Congo DR (NK,IT) cases, summaries
08 Jan 2019 Severe fever w/ thrombocytopenia synd. - South Korea: poss. aerosol transmission
08 Jan 2019 Rift Valley fever: vertical transmission, comments, details
08 Jan 2019 Measles update (02): Pacific, Europe, Americas, Middle East, comment
08 Jan 2019 Avian influenza, human (01): Nepal (KT), poultry susp, RFI
08 Jan 2019 Avian influenza (01): Iran (MN) HPAI, poultry, H5N8, spread, OIE
08 Jan 2019 Anthrax - India: (OR) elephant calf, susp
08 Jan 2019 Die-off, fish - Australia: (NS) oxygen depletion susp
08 Jan 2019 Hantavirus - Americas (03): Chile (LG) ex Argentina (CH)
08 Jan 2019 Lassa fever - West Africa (02): Togo (KA)
08 Jan 2019 Mengla virus - China: (YN) bat
07 Jan 2019 Flavescence doree, grapevine - Switzerland: (GE)
07 Jan 2019 Newcastle disease - USA: (ID) columbids
07 Jan 2019 African swine fever - Europe (03): Belgium (LX) wild boar, spread, OIE
07 Jan 2019 MERS-CoV (03): Saudi Arabia (RI)
07 Jan 2019 Anthrax - Russia: (YN) genomic strain identifications
07 Jan 2019 Lassa fever - West Africa (01): Nigeria
07 Jan 2019 Leishmaniasis, cutaneous - Libya: (MS)
06 Jan 2019 Hantavirus - Americas (02): Panama WHO 2018 review
06 Jan 2019 Anthrax - Kenya (02): (ME) livestock, human
06 Jan 2019 Crimean-Congo hem. fever - East Africa: Uganda (MZ)
06 Jan 2019 Kyasanur Forest disease - India: (KA) human
06 Jan 2019 Anthrax - Zimbabwe: (MW) bovine, human
05 Jan 2019 Ebola update (02): Congo DR (NK, IT) cases, summaries
05 Jan 2019 Peste des petits ruminants - Algeria: (ET) ovine, caprine, spread
05 Jan 2019 MERS-CoV (02): Kenya, animal reservoir, camel, serosurveillance, genotyping
05 Jan 2019 Ricin - USA: (WA) possible public exposure
05 Jan 2019 Hantavirus - Americas (01): Argentina (CH)
05 Jan 2019 Measles vaccine - India: (MH) adverse events, RFI
05 Jan 2019 Undiagnosed hemorrhagic fever - Sweden: ex Burundi
05 Jan 2019 Rubella - Japan
04 Jan 2019 MERS-CoV (01): Saudi Arabia (RI)
04 Jan 2019 Poliomyelitis update (01): global
04 Jan 2019 Hepatitis A - USA (01): (KY, TN)
04 Jan 2019 New in IJID (01): January 2019
04 Jan 2019 African swine fever - Asia (01): China, domestic, spread, FAO, Taiwan ex China
04 Jan 2019 Rubella - Spain: (AR)
04 Jan 2019 African swine fever - Europe (02): Ukraine, domestic, wild boar, OIE
03 Jan 2019 Anthrax - Kenya: (ME) livestock, human
03 Jan 2019 Chikungunya (01): Americas, Africa, Asia
03 Jan 2019 Salmonellosis - USA: (MI) live poultry, mail-order hatchery
03 Jan 2019 Botulism - USA: (CA) wound, injection drug related
03 Jan 2019 Ebola update (01): Congo DR (NK, IT) cases, summaries, Uganda
03 Jan 2019 African swine fever - Europe (01): Belgium (LX) wild boar, spread, OIE, RFI
03 Jan 2019 Dengue/DHF update (01): Americas
02 Jan 2019 Measles update (01): Americas, Africa, Southeast Asia
02 Jan 2019 Anthrax - Malawi: (MA) hippopotamus, more cases
02 Jan 2019 Undiagnosed deaths, elephant - Tanzania: RFI
02 Jan 2019 Rabies (01): Americas, Dominican Republic (PN) human death
01 Jan 2019 Undiagnosed death, elephant - USA: (OH) herpesvirus, susp.
01 Jan 2019 Schmallenberg virus - Asia: Iran, equine, serology
31 Dec 2018 Monkeypox - Africa (17): Nigeria
31 Dec 2018 Ebola update (158): Congo DR (NK, IT) cases, summary, response
31 Dec 2018 Measles update (81): Europe, Americas, Africa
31 Dec 2018 Yellow fever - Africa (30): Nigeria
31 Dec 2018 Meningitis, meningococcal - Nigeria (04): fatal, serogroup C
31 Dec 2018 Infectious salmon anemia - Chile: (AI)
30 Dec 2018 Yellow fever - Africa (29): Zambia (LS) fake cards
29 Dec 2018 Rabies (58): Americas, USA (NC) bear
29 Dec 2018 Sphingomonas koreensis, MDR - USA: (MD) nosocomial, fatal, contaminated water
29 Dec 2018 Schistosomiasis: infection enhances HIV transmission
29 Dec 2018 Equine herpesvirus - North America (27): USA (IN) equine
29 Dec 2018 Ebola update (157): Congo DR (NK, IT) cases, summaries, response, USA (NE)
29 Dec 2018 Pythiosis - USA (03): (VA) equine, Chincoteague pony deaths
29 Dec 2018 Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (26): (ND, TN)
29 Dec 2018 Foot & mouth disease - Israel (13): (HZ) st O, spread, vaccine valency
29 Dec 2018 Hepatitis A - USA (65): (KY, WV, AL)
29 Dec 2018 African swine fever - Asia (47): China, domestic, spread, FAO
29 Dec 2018 Foot & mouth disease - Algeria (08): (EB) ovine, suspected, control, vaccination
29 Dec 2018 Newcastle disease, poultry - USA (17): (CA)
29 Dec 2018 Malaria - Uzbekistan: WHO certified malaria-free
28 Dec 2018 Lassa fever - West Africa (50): Benin (LI)
28 Dec 2018 Listeriosis - Europe (07): Norway
28 Dec 2018 Poliomyelitis update (62): (Nigeria, Niger) cVDPV2
28 Dec 2018 MERS-CoV (52): Saudi Arabia (RI) WHO
28 Dec 2018 Measles update (80): Europe, Pacific, Asia, Americas, Middle East
28 Dec 2018 Pertussis (11): USA, Australia
28 Dec 2018 Avian influenza (118): India (BR) backyard, HPAI H5N1, OIE
28 Dec 2018 Typhoid fever - Pakistan (07): multidrug resistance, WHO
28 Dec 2018 Avian influenza (117): Viet Nam (DC) backyard, HPAI H5N1, OIE
28 Dec 2018 Ebola update (156): Congo DR (NK, IT) cases, unrest
28 Dec 2018 Influenza (33): WHO global update, Georgia, India
28 Dec 2018 Newcastle disease - Bulgaria: (BR) wild bird, OIE
28 Dec 2018 Bacterial blight, hazelnut - Portugal: 1st rep (AV)
27 Dec 2018 Radiation, bovine - Japan: (FS), long-term exposure
27 Dec 2018 African swine fever - Asia (46): China (GD, FJ), spread, Taiwan alertness
27 Dec 2018 Brucellosis - USA (08): (PA) bovine, human
26 Dec 2018 Foot & mouth disease - Tunisia: bovine, ovine, st O, OIE
26 Dec 2018 Ebola update (155): Congo DR (NK, IT) cases, response
26 Dec 2018 Zika virus (12): Americas, Africa, Pacific, Asia research, observations
26 Dec 2018 Classical swine fever - Japan (09): (GF) spread, wild, domestic, control
26 Dec 2018 Avian influenza, human (24): China (GD, GX) H9N2
25 Dec 2018 Strangles, equine - USA (07): (FL)
24 Dec 2018 African swine fever - Europe (65): Belgium (LX) wild boar, spread, France alert
24 Dec 2018 Trypanosomiasis - South Africa (02): ex Zambia, ex Malawi
24 Dec 2018 Ebola update (154): Congo DR (NK, IT) cases, election, women
23 Dec 2018 Measles update (79): Middle East, Americas, Europe, Pacific
23 Dec 2018 Marburg virus disease - Sierra Leone (02): bats, additional information
23 Dec 2018 Hantavirus - Americas (67): Argentina (CH)
23 Dec 2018 Cassava brown streak viruses, reservoir hosts - Mozambique
23 Dec 2018 Yellow fever - Africa (28): South Sudan (GB) WHO
23 Dec 2018 Newcastle disease, poultry - USA (16): (CA) commercial
23 Dec 2018 Influenza (32): seasonal, USA, Italy
22 Dec 2018 African swine fever - Asia (45): Taiwan ex China, tainted food
22 Dec 2018 Classical swine fever - Japan (08): (AI) spread, wild boar
22 Dec 2018 Peste des petits ruminants - Burundi (02): caprine, ovine, spread
22 Dec 2018 Ebola update (153): Congo DR (NK,IT) vaccine
22 Dec 2018 African swine fever - Asia (44): China (GD) domestic, spread, OIE
21 Dec 2018 E. coli EHEC - France (03): O26, unpasteurized cheese, more cases
21 Dec 2018 Undiagnosed deaths, bovine - India (04): (OR) RFI
21 Dec 2018 Die-off, seal - USA (04): (ME) phocine distemper virus
21 Dec 2018 Marburg virus disease - Sierra Leone: bat
21 Dec 2018 African swine fever - Asia (43): China, domestic, spread, FAO
21 Dec 2018 Hepatitis A - Australia (05): (VI) MSM
21 Dec 2018 Peste des petits ruminants - Algeria: ovine, caprine, OIE
21 Dec 2018 Contaminated stem cell - USA: infection, unapproved use
21 Dec 2018 Tick-borne encephalitis - Czech Republic (02)
21 Dec 2018 Diphtheria - Americas (04): PAHO/WHO update
21 Dec 2018 Avian influenza (116): India (OR) poultry, wild bird, HPAI H5N1, OIE
21 Dec 2018 Diphtheria - Yemen (06): (AD)
21 Dec 2018 African swine fever - Europe (64): Belgium (LX) wild boar, spread, control, OIE
21 Dec 2018 MERS-CoV (51): Saudi Arabia (RI)
21 Dec 2018 Poliomyelitis update (61): global (Nigeria), comment on social media
21 Dec 2018 Vaccine logistics - Vanuatu: (TF) drone delivery
21 Dec 2018 Foodborne illness, undiagnosed fatalities - India (02): (KA) chemicals found
20 Dec 2018 Buruli ulcer - Australia (04): (QL)
20 Dec 2018 Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (25): (NE)
20 Dec 2018 Ebola update (152): Congo DR (NK,IT)
20 Dec 2018 Piscine reovirus - North America (03): USA (WA) salmon
20 Dec 2018 Japanese encephalitis & other - India (23): (MH)
20 Dec 2018 Measles update (78): Europe, Americas, Africa
19 Dec 2018 African swine fever - Asia (42): China (GD) domestic, spread
19 Dec 2018 Cholera, diarrhea & dysentery update (49): Africa
19 Dec 2018 Salmonellosis, st. Coeln - Austria
19 Dec 2018 Acute flaccid myelitis - Europe: UK
19 Dec 2018 Foot & mouth disease - Israel (12): (HZ) bovine, boar, gazelle, st O, OIE
19 Dec 2018 Acute flaccid myelitis - North America (12): USA, update
19 Dec 2018 Malaria - India (05): (KL) P. falciparum, macaque
19 Dec 2018 Poliomyelitis update (60): Pakistan, negative impact of social media
19 Dec 2018 Ebola update (151): Congo DR (NK,IT) cases, background
18 Dec 2018 Anthrax, BioThrax, post-exp vaccine - Canada: official approval
18 Dec 2018 Legionellosis - USA (16): (WI) fatal, nosocomial
18 Dec 2018 Hepatitis A - USA (64): (NM,AZ)
18 Dec 2018 Schistosomiasis - Philippines: (LE)
18 Dec 2018 Trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) - Brazil (03): (TO) foodborne
18 Dec 2018 Greening disease, orange - India: (MH)
18 Dec 2018 MERS-CoV (50): Saudi Arabia (RI), EMRO Nov 2018 update
17 Dec 2018 Lassa fever - West Africa (49): Nigeria
17 Dec 2018 Hepatitis A - USA (63): (KY)
17 Dec 2018 Malaria - South Africa: sustained transmission
17 Dec 2018 Undiagnosed disease, rice - Bangladesh: (CG)
17 Dec 2018 Undiagnosed illness - India: (JK) fatal, children, diphtheria susp, RFI
16 Dec 2018 Yellow fever - Africa (27): Nigeria (ED)
16 Dec 2018 Lassa Fever - West Africa (48): Benin (BO) ex Nigeria
16 Dec 2018 Vaping solution ingestion - UK (Scotland): serious toxicity
16 Dec 2018 Kyasanur Forest disease - India (12): (KA) human, monkey
15 Dec 2018 Ebola update (150): Congo DR (NK, IT) cases, summary, Guinea
15 Dec 2018 Toxicity, feed - USA: (SD) bovine
15 Dec 2018 Avian influenza (115): India (OR) poultry, HPAI H5N1
15 Dec 2018 Strangles, equine - Canada (05): (NB)
15 Dec 2018 Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (24): (MT)
15 Dec 2018 African swine fever - Asia (41): China, domestic swine, spread, control, FAO
15 Dec 2018 Diphtheria - Philippines: increased cases, 4 regions
15 Dec 2018 African swine fever - Asia (40): China (QH) domestic swine, spread, OIE
15 Dec 2018 Leishmaniasis, visceral - Israel: (HZ) feline, canine
14 Dec 2018 Avian influenza (114): USA (MD) poultry, susp., RFI
14 Dec 2018 Foodborne illness, undiagnosed fatalities - India, RFI
14 Dec 2018 Histomoniasis, turkeys - USA: (GA) research
14 Dec 2018 Ebola update (149): Congo DR (NK, IT) cases, summaries, WHO, accounts
14 Dec 2018 Anthrax - Kenya (07): (ME) livestock, human
14 Dec 2018 Reverse zoonotic disease transmission, sea birds - Antarctica
13 Dec 2018 MERS-CoV (49): Saudi Arabia (NJ, RI)
13 Dec 2018 Poliomyelitis update (59): global (Afghanistan, Papua New Guinea)
13 Dec 2018 Rabbit hemorrhagic disease - USA (02): (PA) rabbits, RHDV1
13 Dec 2018 Fusarium wilt, pigeon pea - India: (MH)
13 Dec 2018 Cholera, diarrhea & dysentery update (48): Asia (Yemen) WHO
13 Dec 2018 Botulism - Americas: canned corn, risk, recall
13 Dec 2018 Salmonellosis, st. Newport - USA (06): ground beef, alert, recall
13 Dec 2018 Bluetongue - Europe (06): Germany (BW), bovine, BTV-8, OIE
13 Dec 2018 Measles update (77): Americas, Europe, Pacific
13 Dec 2018 Hand, foot & mouth disease update (16): UK (England)
13 Dec 2018 Malaria, avian - UK: (England) penguin, zoo colony
13 Dec 2018 Rabbit hemorrhagic disease - USA (02): (PA) pet rabbit, RHDV, OIE
13 Dec 2018 Avian influenza (113): Iran (EA) HPAI, poultry, H5N8, OIE

Published Date: 2019-01-12 20:35:35
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Japanese encephalitis & other - India (01)
Archive Number: 20190112.6255835

JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS AND OTHER - INDIA (01)
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A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org

Date: Fri 11 Jan 2019 [in press]
Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases [edited]
https://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(19)30019-0/fulltext

Citation: Vasanthapuram Ravi, Shafeeq Keeran Shahul Hameed, Anita Desai, Reeta Subramaniam Mani, Vijayalakshmi Reddy, et al.: Dengue virus is an under-recognised causative agent of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES): Results from a 4-year AES surveillance study of Japanese encephalitis in selected states of India. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2019. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2019.01.008.

Highlights
- Dengue virus is one of the 3 most common agents identified in acute encephalitis syndrome (AES).
- Existing surveillance for AES does not include routine testing for dengue.
- Dengue accounts for 5% of AES cases in India, especially in the absence of laboratory evidence for other pathogens tested.
- Testing for dengue in AES cases must be included in routine surveillance.

Abstract
Background
AES surveillance in India has indicated that Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) accounts for 5-35% of AES cases annually; the etiology remains unknown in the remaining cases. We implemented comprehensive AES surveillance to identify other etiological agents of AES, with emphasis on dengue virus.

Methods
Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were collected from patients enrolled prospectively in AES surveillance from 2014-2017 at selected sites of 3 high-burden states of India. All samples were initially tested for JEV IgM. Specimens negative for JEV by serology were tested for IgM to scrub typhus, dengue virus (DEN), and West Nile virus; all JEV IgM-negative CSF samples were tested by PCR for _S. pneumoniae_, _N. meningitidis_, _H. influenzae_, herpes simplex virus type 1, enteroviruses, and DEN.

Results
Of 10 107 AES patients, an etiology could be established in 49.2% of patients, including JEV (16%), scrub typhus (16%), and DEN (5.2%) as the top 3 agents. Among the DEN-positive cases (359/6892), 7 (2%) were positive only for dengue virus RNA: one in serum and 6 in CSF.

Conclusion
Among the pathogens identified, dengue accounted for 5% of all AES cases and was one of the 3 common etiological agents. These results underscore the importance of including dengue virus in routine testing of AES cases.

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
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[Frequently, in reports of JE cases in India, acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) of undefined etiology is often mentioned with JE cases, a minority of those hospitalized. The determination of the etiology or etiologies of AES has been confusing and elusive. Various etiological agents have been proposed in recent years as responsible for AES cases. AES has continued to be attributed to a variety of etiologies, including Reye syndrome-like disease, possible enterovirus infection from polluted water, heatstroke, lychee fruit consumption, and scrub typhus (_Orientia tsutsugamushi_). Recently, scrub typhus has been implicated in many AES cases. The above retrospective study indicates that scrub typhus is responsible for 16% and dengue for 5% of AES cases. Dengue, as the authors state, should be included in testing of AES cases.

Maps of India: http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/india/india-political-map.htm and http://healthmap.org/promed/p/310. - Mod.TY]