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Published Date: 2019-03-27 22:32:31
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (20): Nepal, wild bird, HPAI H5N1, OIE
Archive Number: 20190327.6389939
AVIAN INFLUENZA (20): NEPAL, WILD BIRD, HPAI H5N1, OIE
******************************************************
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International Society for Infectious Diseases
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Date: Tue, 26 Mar 2019
Source: OIE, WAHID (World Animal Health Information Database), weekly disease information 2019; 32(13) [edited]
https://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Reviewreport/Review?page_refer=MapFullEventReport&reportid=29966


Highly pathogenic influenza A viruses (infection with) (non-poultry including wild birds)
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Information received on [and dated] 26 Mar 2019 from Dr Bimal Kumar Nirmal, Director General, Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, Nepal.

Summary
Report type: immediate notification (final report)
Date of start of the event: 17 Mar 2019
Date of confirmation of the event: 21 Mar 2019
Report date: 26 Mar 2019
Date submitted to OIE: 26 Mar 2019
Date event resolved: 22 Mar 2019
Reason for notification: Recurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous recurrence: 10 Sep 2018
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: Highly pathogenic avian influenza [AI] virus
Serotype: H5N1
Nature of diagnosis: laboratory (advance), necropsy
This event pertains to the whole country.

New outbreaks
Summary of outbreaks
Total outbreaks: 1
Outbreak 1: [Bagmati (Lainchaur, Kathmandu)]
Total animals affected:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of / Slaughtered
Crow: _Corvus splendens_ (Corvidae) / -- / 200 / 200 / 0 / 0
Outbreak statistics [rates apparent, expressed as percentages]
Species / apparent morbidity rate / apparent mortality rate / apparent case fatality rate / Proportion susceptible animals lost*
Crow: _Corvus splendens_ (Corvidae) / ** / ** / 100 / **
*Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction, and/or slaughter
** Not calculated because of missing information

Epidemiology
Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive
Comments: there was a sudden death of a large number of crows in a bamboo tree area of the affected location. Proper cleaning and disinfection of the premises were done with the burial of dead crows. Post-operative surveillance is ongoing.

Control measures
Measures applied: surveillance outside containment and/or protection zone; surveillance within containment and/or protection zone; official disposal of carcasses, by-products and waste; control of wildlife reservoirs; disinfection; vaccination prohibited; no treatment of affected animals; measures to be applied; no other measures.

Future reporting
The event is resolved. No more reports will be submitted.

[The location of the outbreak can be seen on the interactive map included in the OIE report at the source URL above.]

--
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[The Indian subcontinent has experienced HPAI outbreaks due to H5N1 virus infection in domestic poultry and other birds almost every year since the 1st report in 2006. Since November 2016, subtype H5N8 has also been reported in India, Pakistan, and Nepal. - Mod.PMB

On 15 March 2019, the Government of Nepal declared the occurrence of 3 earlier outbreaks of H5N1 in 3 districts of the country, namely in
Hetauda Sub Metropolitan area, in Makwanpur district, in Central region; Tarekeshower Municipality, Kathmandu district, Central region; and in Madi Rurral municipality, Kaski Pokhara district, Western region. Additional outbreaks were suspected in Makwanpur and Kathmandu districts. These were the first H5N1 HPAI events reported in 2019.

Last earlier detections of HPAI H5N1 in Nepal were reported in May-June 2018 in the Central region, in Bagmati and Narayani areas.

H5N1 HPAI events have been reported from India (in wild crows, mainly, and in poultry) in 2019, while in Indonesia and Viet Nam last events were reported in December 2018. - Mod.AS

HealthMap/ProMED-mail map of Nepal: http://healthmap.org/promed/p/30267]

See Also

Avian influenza (17): Nepal (TH) poultry, HPAI H5N1, OIE 20190320.6375642
Avian influenza, human (02): Nepal (KT) poultry 20190117.6261121
Avian influenza, human (01): Nepal (KT), poultry susp, RFI 20190108.6245559
2018
----
Avian influenza, human (24): China (GD, GX) H9N2 20181226.6223398
Avian influenza, human (13): China (GD) H9N2 20180801.5940642
Avian influenza (118): India (BR) backyard, HPAI H5N1, OIE 20181228.6226636
Avian influenza (77): Nepal (TH) poultry, HPAI H5N1, OIE 20180530.5828169
Avian influenza (75): Nepal (Narayani) poultry, HPAI H5N1, OIE 20180519.5805891.
2017
----
Avian influenza, human (65): China (GD) H9N2, human-animal interface, WHO 20170812.5242688
2016
----
Avian influenza, human (60): China (JX) H9N2 20160912.4481431
Avian influenza, human (59): China (YN) H9N2 20160901.4451359
Avian influenza, human (51): China (GD) H9N2 20160621.4299567
Avian influenza, human (31): China H7N9, avian flu update, China (FJ) H7N9, China (SC) H9N2 20160318.4101269
Avian influenza, human (14): Egypt A(H5N1,H9N2) CDC/EID 20160122.3956280
2015
----
Avian influenza, human (130): China (AH, HN) H9N2 20151217.3867941
Avian influenza, human (120): Bangladesh, H9N2 20150923.3666519
Avian influenza, human (108): Egypt, H9N2, influenza B 20150522.3378923
Avian influenza, human (44): Egypt (AS) H9N2, 1st case 20150215.3168314
2014
----
Avian influenza, human (78): China, H7N9, new cases, H9N2 control 20140227.2304226
Avian influenza, human (02): China (HK) H9N2 ex (HN) 20140102.2148327
.................................................crd/pmb/mj/jh

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