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Published Date: 2019-10-01 08:08:48
Subject: PRO/PL> Cyst nematode, soybean - Canada: (MN)
Archive Number: 20191001.6702611
CYST NEMATODE, SOYBEAN - CANADA: (MANITOBA)
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A ProMED-mail post
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International Society for Infectious Diseases
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Date: Wed 27 Sep 2019
Source: Manitoba Co-operator [edited]
https://www.manitobacooperator.ca/news-opinion/news/soybean-cyst-nematode-confirmation-presents-challenge-for-producers/


Farmers are being urged to keep equipment clean after the unfortunate news that soybean cyst nematodes (SCN) have been confirmed [in Manitoba]. The nematode, which can spread through water, has been present in North Dakota [USA, neighbouring Manitoba] for years and has been expected to spread north through the Red River. This year [2019] is the first that researchers noted both symptoms and molecular confirmation of SCN.

Mario Tenuta, University of Manitoba, said the pest has likely been in the soil for "a few years" quietly multiplying. "Every time soybean is grown, it will increase its numbers." Tenuta's team has been on the watch since 2012.

Four municipalities have come down with visual symptoms, one field in each has tested positive. A total 106 fields in 18 municipalities were tested. With [one] exception, the nematode has cropped up alongside waterways, exactly where expected. "Given the large gap between positive identifications, there is a possibility that SCN may be present in fields not included in the survey, or may have established since sampling," Manitoba Pulse and Soybean Growers said.

Tenuta hopes to see monitoring expand. Some areas newer to soybeans than the Red River Valley are now approaching enough history with the crop for SCN loads to grow.

[Byline: Alexis Stockford]

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Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[Soybean cyst nematode (SCN; _Heterodera glycines_) is considered one of the most destructive pests of the crop, with potential yield losses of more than 30 percent. Symptoms are distributed unevenly in affected fields and may include yellowing and stunting of plants as well as reduced nodulation of roots leading to loss of plant vigour. Symptom severity depends on nematode numbers and environmental conditions. SCN has also been reported to contribute to disease complexes such as sudden death syndrome and top dieback.

Cyst nematodes can often persist in the soil for many years and are spread by plant material, soil, water and mechanical means (for example contaminated equipment). Once they have been established in an area, eradication is extremely difficult. Disease management is generally aimed at keeping nematode levels below economic thresholds. An integrated approach is required, including phytosanitation (exclusion), cultural measures (such as long crop rotation with non-host species), nematicides and use of resistant crop varieties.

Pathogen strains with resistance to agrochemicals, increased host range or an ability to overcome resistance of crop varieties are emerging frequently worldwide (for example, ProMED-mail post 20170120.4778606). Ongoing crop breeding programmes are required to stay ahead of pathogen evolution.

In Canada, SCN has been reported from Ontario since the late 1980s (see links below).

Other species in the genus can affect crops like maize (_H. zeae_), cereals (_H. avenae_) and sugar beet (_H. schachtii_).

Maps
Canada (with provinces):
http://mapsof.net/uploads/static-maps/Canada_Provinces_and_territories_map.png
North America, overview:
https://geology.com/world/north-america-map.gif

Pictures
SCN symptoms on soybean:
http://msue.anr.msu.edu/uploads/images/7-13-11-MIKE-Inspect-Soybean-Roots-.jpg and
https://extension.umn.edu/sites/extension.umn.edu/files/styles/large/public/scn2_600px.jpg
SCN affected fields:
https://extension.entm.purdue.edu/nematology/images/SCNsymp6.jpg and
https://static.country-guide.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/February-II-2016-SCN-continues-to-frustrate-scnfield-Albert-Tenuta.jpg
SCN juvenile on soybean root, microscopy:
http://www.clfs.umd.edu/entm/pdiag/nematology/images/eis083.gif

Links
Additional news story:
https://www.grainews.ca/daily/soybean-cyst-nematode-confirmed-in-manitoba
Information on SCN:
http://www.clfs.umd.edu/entm/pdiag/nematology/scn.html,
http://www.planthealthaustralia.com.au/pests/soybean-cyst-nematode/,
https://cropwatch.unl.edu/plantdisease/soybean/soybean-cyst-nematode and
http://nematode.unl.edu/scn/scnisu.htm
SCN disease cycle:
https://crop-protection-network.s3.amazonaws.com/articles/soybean-cyst-nematode-disease-cycle.png
Research on SCN resistance:
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00122-005-1970-3 and
https://www.apsnet.org/meetings/Documents/2016_meeting_abstracts/aps2016_539.htm
SCN in Ontario:
https://www.topcropmanager.com/resisting-soybean-cyst-nematode-18324/,
https://ontariograinfarmer.ca/2014/02/01/cropside-soybean-cyst-nematode/ and
https://www.country-guide.ca/crops/soybean-cyst-nematode-frustration/
Information & taxonomy for _H. glycines_:
http://nemaplex.ucdavis.edu/Taxadata/G060s4.aspx
Methods for nematode identification:
http://www.fao.org/docrep/v9978e/v9978e06.htm
Resources & taxonomy for nematodes via:
https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/nematodes/nematodes,
http://nematode.unl.edu/ and
http://nemaplex.ucdavis.edu/
- Mod.DHA

HealthMap/ProMED map available at:
Manitoba Province, Canada: http://healthmap.org/promed/p/261]

See Also

2017
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Soybean cyst nematode - USA: (IA), resistance breaking strains 20170120.4778606
2014
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Sudden death syndrome, soybean - USA: (IL) 20140918.2785768
2010
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Nematodes, white mould, rust, soybean - Brazil: (BA, MT) 20100408.1128
2008
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Sudden death syndrome, soybean - USA: (IA, MN) 20080904.2764
2006
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Cyst nematodes, potato, soybean - USA (NY, IL): new strains 20060413.1092
2005
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Soybean cyst nematodes - USA (MI) 20050916.2734
2004
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Soybean cyst nematode - USA (ND) 20041101.2950
2003
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Soybean cyst nematode - USA (Arkansas) 20030709.1678
Sudden death syndrome, soybean - USA (MN) 20030328.0776
2002
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Heterodera glycines, soybean - Europe: alert 20020802.4914
and additional items on cyst nematodes in the archives
.................................................sb/dha/msp/ml

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