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Published Date: 2018-01-26 00:39:35
Subject: PRO/PL> Undiagnosed collapse, peanut - USA: (FL), RFI
Archive Number: 20180126.5582531
UNDIAGNOSED COLLAPSE, PEANUT - USA: (FLORIDA), REQUEST FOR INFORMATION
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Date: Mon 22 Jan 2018
Source: Southeast FarmPress [edited]
http://www.southeastfarmpress.com/peanuts/peanut-collapse-something-happened-it-s-not-clear-exactly-why


In the fall of 2017, University of Florida and farmers began reporting an unprecedented sudden decline of peanuts prior to harvest. Symptoms included stunted plants, late-season yellowing and distinctive marginal leaf necrosis. Entire fields wilted. Yields [were] off by as much as 45 per cent. Onset of some symptoms followed the passage of Hurricane Irma. The condition was most acute in sandy soils. It was estimated that 25 000 acres of peanuts in peninsular Florida were affected. Some of the symptoms were also observed in southern Georgia, but nowhere was the impact remotely as severe as in Florida.

Soil and plant samples were submitted for nutrient and disease testing. The results were inconclusive, though the symptoms seemed easily associated with well-documented maladies. Nematodes, diseases and tomato spotted wilt [virus] could not be consistently associated with affected areas nor could soil nutrient issues. There was agreement that something very serious had occurred [and] that the cause was likely the result of a number of interacting factors. Growers in 2018 should implement as many best management practices as they can.

[Byline: Bob Kemerait]

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[A large number of fungi are known to affect peanuts, as well as several species of nematodes, bacterial/phytoplasma pathogens and viruses. The latter include _Tomato spotted wilt virus_ (genus _Tospovirus_) mentioned above, which has a very wide host range (for more information see previous ProMED-mail posts in the archives).

Similar symptoms may be due to different pathogens or other factors, as well as a combination of several of these (as mentioned above). It is not stated in this report what diagnostic methods were used so far and there may be more sensitive ones still to be applied. However, to determine a biotic or abiotic cause for a disease or disorder of unknown aetiology may take years (see also ProMED-mail post 20171228.5526316) and would be complicated considerably if a previously unknown pathogen were to be involved.

Effective control measures will need to be based on reliable diagnosis of the pathogen(s) causing the problem. In the absence of a conclusive diagnosis, disease management may include phytosanitary measures, certified clean seeds and crop rotation.

Maps
USA:
http://www.mapsofworld.com/usa/
Individual states via:
http://www.mapsofworld.com/usa/states/

Pictures
Symptoms of some peanut diseases via:
http://www.ipmimages.org/browse/Areasubs.cfm?area=8

Links
Information on some peanut diseases via:
https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/plants/field-crops-and-pastures/broadacre-field-crops/peanuts/managing-peanut-diseases and
https://www.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/233589/820.pdf
List of major diseases and pathogens of peanut:
http://www.apsnet.org/publications/commonnames/Pages/Peanut.aspx
Information on tospoviruses:
http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showdpv.php?dpvno=363
- Mod.DHA]

[More information on this event from knowledgeable sources would be greatly appreciated. - Mod.MPP]

See Also

2017
----
Crown rot, peanut - USA: (GA) 20171022.5397222
2016
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Undiagnosed diseases, peanut - Nigeria: (BE) 20161003.4531620
2015
----
White mould, peanut - USA: (GA) 20151116.3796722
2009 
----
Fungal diseases, field crops - Americas 20091025.3696
Black rot, peanut - China: 1st rep (GD) 20090710.2471
2007 
----
Groundnut ringspot tospovirus, peanut - Argentina (Cordoba): 1st report 20070524.1670
2005 
----
Black rot, peanut - USA (TX): 1st report 20051126.3429
Botrytis blight, peanut - USA (GA) 20050820.2447
2004 
----
Sclerotinia blight, peanut - USA (TX) 20041001.2702
2002 
----
Peanut stunt cucumovirus - USA (FL & GA) 20020227.3640
and additional items on peanut diseases in the archives
.................................................sb/dha/msp/mpp

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