- 14 May 2018 Malaria - USA: ex Costa Rica: (PU)
- 13 May 2018 Ebola update (07): Congo DR, nurse, Uganda susp, WHO, border, vaccine
- 13 May 2018 Glanders, equine - India (03): (MP), control
- 13 May 2018 Trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) - USA: ex El Salvador, central nervous system
- 13 May 2018 Infectious hematopoietic necrosis, trout - Italy: (TT) OIE
- 12 May 2018 Ebola update (06): Congo DR, susp, RFI, vulnerability, response, control
- 12 May 2018 African swine fever - Europe (11): Moldova (GA), domestic, OIE
- 12 May 2018 Mycoplasma bovis, bovine - New Zealand (08): (CA) ovine
- 12 May 2018 Leishmaniasis - Nepal: new genotype
- 12 May 2018 Equine herpesvirus - North America (19 ): USA (SD, TX, WA) equine
- 12 May 2018 Botulism, avian - Australia: (NS)
- 12 May 2018 Hepatitis A - USA (18): (MI, UT, KY)
- 12 May 2018 Anthrax - India (06): (TN) ovine
- 11 May 2018 Contaminated water - Cambodia: (KH) illness, deaths
- 11 May 2018 Ebola update (05): Congo DR, outbreak update, vaccine, preparedness, research
- 11 May 2018 Yellow fever - Americas (31): Brazil
- 11 May 2018 Poliomyelitis update (13): positive environmental samples
- 11 May 2018 E. coli EHEC - France: O26, unpasteurized cheese, alert, recall
- 11 May 2018 Leishmaniasis - Syria (02): (ID) cutaneous
- 11 May 2018 Rabies (22): Americas (USA) raccoon, human exposure
- 11 May 2018 Trypanosomiasis - Angola: (CN)
- 11 May 2018 E. coli EHEC - Canada (07): O157, romaine lettuce
- 11 May 2018 Hepatitis A - Marshall Islands: 2016-2017
- 11 May 2018 Salmonellosis, st Braenderup - USA (02): eggs, recall
- 10 May 2018 Measles update (30): Americas, Asia, Africa, Europe
- 10 May 2018 Fungal diseases, barley - Ireland: population shifts
- 10 May 2018 Japanese encephalitis - Philippines: (Luzon)
- 10 May 2018 Typhoid fever - USA: (MA) daycare center, imported
- 10 May 2018 Porcine reprod. & resp. syndrome - India: (MZ)
- 10 May 2018 Ebola update (04): Nigeria, Kenya, Congo DR (ET), WHO
- 10 May 2018 Crimean-Congo hem. fever - India (02): (RJ) animal serosurvey
- 10 May 2018 Anthrax - India (05): (OR) elephant, susp.
- 10 May 2018 Avian influenza (74): Finland (SF), wild bird, HPAI H5N6, OIE
- 10 May 2018 Salmonellosis - USA (05): (Chicago) jail inmates
- 10 May 2018 Lassa fever - West Africa (27): Liberia (MG)
- 10 May 2018 E. coli EHEC - USA (12): O157, romaine lettuce, increasing cases, fatality
- 10 May 2018 Foot & mouth disease - Kenya: st O, bovine, OIE
- 10 May 2018 Amebic meningoencephalitis, primary - Pakistan: (SD) fatal
- 10 May 2018 Anthrax - China (02): (NX) livestock, human, travel alert, corr.
- 09 May 2018 Infectious hematopoietic necrosis, trout - Macedonia: (ET) 1st rep, OIE
- 09 May 2018 Equine rhinopneumonitis - France: (eastern) EHV-1, EHV-4
- 09 May 2018 Lassa fever - West Africa (26): Nigeria
- 09 May 2018 Pertussis (06): USA, Australia
- 09 May 2018 Hepatitis A - USA (17)
- 09 May 2018 Ebola update (03): Congo DR (ET) WHO
- 08 May 2018 Rabies (23): Europe (Norway) fox, OIE
- 08 May 2018 Crimean-Congo hem. fever - Pakistan (05): (PB) update
- 08 May 2018 Avian influenza (73): Denmark (MJ) poultry, LPAI H5, OIE
- 08 May 2018 Ebola update (02): Congo DR (ET)
- 08 May 2018 Avian influenza (72): Taiwan (YL) poultry, HPAI H5, spread
- 08 May 2018 Fatal yellowing, oil palm - South America: etiology
- 08 May 2018 Undiagnosed blights, grapevine & pomegranate - India: (KA)
- 08 May 2018 Anthrax - Uganda (04): (QW) bovine, human, significant spread
- 07 May 2018 Horse deaths, drought - USA: (AZ)
- 07 May 2018 Purple blotch, spring onion - Jamaica: (MA, SE)
- 07 May 2018 Undiagnosed illness - Kenya: (BA) fatalities, RFI
- 07 May 2018 Equine herpesvirus - North America (18): USA (WY, SD) equine
- 07 May 2018 Anthrax - China (02): (NX) livestock, human, travel alert
- 07 May 2018 Dengue/DHF update (10): Asia (Reunion Island)
- 06 May 2018 Varicella update (10): India (Hyderabad), Nepal (Kathmandu)
- 06 May 2018 Measles update (29): Europe, US, Pacific and Asia
- 06 May 2018 Yellow fever - Americas (30): Brazil
- 06 May 2018 MERS-CoV (14): Israel, animal reservoir, camelids
- 06 May 2018 Crimean-Congo hem. fever - Iran: update
- 06 May 2018 Crimean-Congo hem. fever - Pakistan (04): (SD)
- 05 May 2018 Rabies (22): Asia (Malaysia, Israel), Europe (UK), WHO (global) human, animal
- 05 May 2018 Vectorborne diseases - USA (02): increasing incidence, 2004-2016, comment
- 05 May 2018 African swine fever - Europe (10): Ukraine, domestic, OIE
- 05 May 2018 Legionellosis - Australia (03): (VI)
- 05 May 2018 New in IJID (04): April 2018
- 04 May 2018 Hantavirus - Americas (33): USA (WA), Panama (LS)
- 04 May 2018 New in IJID (03): March 2018
- 04 May 2018 Treponeme-associated hoof disease - USA (02): (WA) elk, comment
- 04 May 2018 Madariaga virus - Venezuela: (LA)
- 04 May 2018 Dengue/DHF update (09): Asia, Pacific, vaccine, retinopathy
- 04 May 2018 Listeriosis - South Africa (12): fatal, ST6, WHO update
- 03 May 2018 Equine infectious anemia - Canada (02): (AB) equine
- 03 May 2018 Blackleg, oilseed rape - UK: host resistance break down
- 03 May 2018 Norovirus - USA (02): (CA) ex Canada (BC), oysters, RFI
- 03 May 2018 Equine herpesvirus - North America (17): USA (CA) equine
- 03 May 2018 Malaria, cervid - USA (04): (FL)
- 03 May 2018 Human enterovirus 71 - Taiwan: China vaccine comment
- 03 May 2018 Mycoplasma bovis, bovine - New Zealand (07)
- 03 May 2018 Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (08): (MO)
- 03 May 2018 Hepatitis A - Belize: (CY)
- 03 May 2018 Treponeme-associated hoof disease - USA: (WA) elk, emerging problem
- 03 May 2018 Serratia marcescens - USA: peds, central catheters, pre-filled syringes, recall
- 03 May 2018 HTLV-1 Australia (02): Indigenous people, background
- 03 May 2018 Hepatitis A - USA (16): (AR,KY,IN)
- 03 May 2018 Clubroot, oilseed rape - Canada: host resistance break down
- 02 May 2018 Mumps update (04): Mexico, USA (NY)
- 02 May 2018 Plague - Madagascar (02): 2017-2018
- 02 May 2018 E. coli EHEC - USA (11): (OK) day care center
- 02 May 2018 E. coli EHEC - USA (10): O157, romaine lettuce, fatality
- 02 May 2018 Sarcocystosis, animals - Ireland: (DG) ovine
- 02 May 2018 Bovine tuberculosis - Canada: (AB) Mexican strain, 2016
- 02 May 2018 Measles update (28): Europe, Asia, Pacific, USA
- 02 May 2018 Vectorborne diseases - USA: increasing incidence, 2004-2016
- 02 May 2018 Rabies (21): Americas (USA) raccoon, fox, coyote, goat, human exp
- 02 May 2018 Crimean-Congo hem. fever - Mauritania: (GD)
- 01 May 2018 Marijuana, canine - Canada (02) (AB)
- 01 May 2018 Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (04): (FL) equine
- 01 May 2018 Cutaneous & renal glomerular vasculopathy, canine - UK (05): (England)
- 01 May 2018 Cytauxzoonosis, feline - USA: (TN)
- 01 May 2018 Marijuana, canine - Canada: (AB)
- 30 Apr 2018 Invasive mosquito - France
- 30 Apr 2018 Paraquat - Israel: human exposure, Parkinson's disease
- 30 Apr 2018 Equine herpesvirus - North America (16): USA (CO, WY) equine
- 30 Apr 2018 Malaria - Europe: hospital-acquired 2016-2018
- 30 Apr 2018 Anthrax - India (04): (TN) elephant
- 30 Apr 2018 Bovine ephemeral fever - Australia: (NS) numerous outbreaks
- 30 Apr 2018 Yellow fever - Americas (29): Brazil
- 30 Apr 2018 Tularemia - USA (02): (KY) sentinel rabbit infected, alert
- 30 Apr 2018 Avian influenza (71): Sweden, wild birds, HPAI H5N6, clarification
- 30 Apr 2018 HTLV-1 - Australia: Indigenous people neglected disease
- 30 Apr 2018 Hand, foot & mouth disease update (03): China
- 29 Apr 2018 Tuberculosis - USA (03): (MD) human, lab macaques
- 29 Apr 2018 Foot & mouth disease - Israel (03): (HZ) bovine, spread
- 28 Apr 2018 African swine fever - Europe (09): Moldova, domestic, OIE
- 28 Apr 2018 Tuberculosis - China: (SH) neighborhood transmission, residents, migrants
- 28 Apr 2018 Hantavirus - Americas (32): USA (CA)
- 28 Apr 2018 Malaria - Trinidad & Tobago (02): imported cases
- 28 Apr 2018 Salmonellosis, st Newport - USA: ground beef from dairy cows, 2016-2017
- 27 Apr 2018 E. coli EHEC - USA (09): O157, romaine lettuce
- 27 Apr 2018 Anthrax - India (03): (AD) livestock, more human cases
- 27 Apr 2018 Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (03): (FL) equine
- 27 Apr 2018 Crimean-Congo hem. fever - Pakistan (03): (PB), update
- 27 Apr 2018 Avian influenza (70): Sweden, wild birds, HPAI H5N6
- 27 Apr 2018 Toxoplasmosis - Brazil: (RS) susp.
- 27 Apr 2018 Chronic wasting disease, cervid: research, transmissibility
- 27 Apr 2018 Malaria - Trinidad & Tobago: RFI
- 27 Apr 2018 Panama disease TR4, banana - India: spread
- 27 Apr 2018 Lethal yellowing, coconut palm - Mexico: (VE)
- 27 Apr 2018 Mumps update (03): Mexico, USA (DE, VA)
- 26 Apr 2018 Bunchy top, banana - India: (TN)
- 26 Apr 2018 Cholera, diarrhea & dysentery update (18): Asia (Yemen)
- 26 Apr 2018 Anthrax - Uganda (03): (AX) bovine, human, significant spread
- 26 Apr 2018 Foodborne illness - Peru: (PI) poss. fish source, fatality, RFI
- 26 Apr 2018 E. coli EHEC - Canada (06): (AB) O157, restaurant, pork source
- 26 Apr 2018 Black spot disease, fish - India: (JK)
- 26 Apr 2018 Legionellosis - USA (06): (NYC) fatal, apartment complex
- 26 Apr 2018 Hantavirus - Americas (31): Panama (LS)
- 26 Apr 2018 Avian influenza (69): Finland, wild bird, HPAI H5N6, OIE
- 26 Apr 2018 Varicella update (09): Canada, shingles increase
- 25 Apr 2018 E. coli EHEC - USA (08): (CA) military outbreak, undercooked beef, 2017
- 25 Apr 2018 E. coli EHEC - USA (07): O157, romaine lettuce
- 25 Apr 2018 Hepatitis A - USA (15): (OH, MI)
- 25 Apr 2018 Equine herpesvirus - North America (15): USA (GA, CA, ND) equine
- 25 Apr 2018 Candida auris - Europe: 2013-2017
- 25 Apr 2018 Measles update (27): South America, Asia, Europe, Africa, USA
- 24 Apr 2018 Anthrax, human, livestock - Argentina (02): 2017
- 24 Apr 2018 Crimean-Congo hem. fever - Pakistan (02): (PB)
- 24 Apr 2018 Foot & mouth disease - China (05): (GX) st O, swine, OIE
- 24 Apr 2018 Hepatitis A - USA (14) : (KY, WV, UT)
- 24 Apr 2018 Panicle blight, rice - Venezuela
- 24 Apr 2018 African swine fever - Europe (08): Hungary, wild boar, 1st rep, OIE
- 24 Apr 2018 Angiostrongylus vasorum, canine - UK: (ENGLAND) spread
- 23 Apr 2018 Coral reef kills - USA: (FL)
- 23 Apr 2018 Tularemia - Switzerland (3): bird of prey attack
- 23 Apr 2018 Candida auris - UK: (England) ICU, shared axillary thermometers
- 23 Apr 2018 Cryptosporidiosis - UK: (England) pet shop
- 23 Apr 2018 West Nile virus (02): Europe (Greece) reemergence, 2017
- 22 Apr 2018 Tick-borne relapsing fever - Israel: spelunkers, tourists
- 22 Apr 2018 Hantavirus - Americas (30): USA (NM)
- 22 Apr 2018 Yellow fever - Americas (28): Brazil
- 22 Apr 2018 Tularemia - Switzerland (02): 2017, commentary
- 22 Apr 2018 Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (07): (WI)
- 22 Apr 2018 Ebola update: Hungary (BU), laboratory exposure
- 22 Apr 2018 Lassa fever - West Africa (25): WHO Nigeria
- 22 Apr 2018 E. coli EHEC - Canada (05): (AB) O157, restaurant, fatality
- 22 Apr 2018 Botulism - USA (04): (CA) wound, injection drug-related, fatal
- 22 Apr 2018 Measles update (26): Europe, Pacific, Asia, USA
- 21 Apr 2018 Tick fever, bovine - Australia: (NS)
- 21 Apr 2018 Schmallenberg virus - Europe (07): UK (N. Ireland), bovine
- 21 Apr 2018 Influenza D virus, bovine - USA
- 21 Apr 2018 Meningitis - Australia: (NS) enterovirus
- 21 Apr 2018 Malaria, avian - USA: (MI) songbirds, climate change
- 21 Apr 2018 E. coli EHEC - USA (06): O157, romaine lettuce
- 21 Apr 2018 Murray Valley encephalitis - Australia: (NT)
- 21 Apr 2018 Yellow fever - WHO, risk of spread
- 20 Apr 2018 Tularemia - Switzerland: 2017
- 20 Apr 2018 Norovirus - Japan: contaminated seaweed
- 20 Apr 2018 Pacific oyster mortality syndrome - Australia: (SA)
- 20 Apr 2018 Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (06): (MO,WI)
- 20 Apr 2018 Tick-borne relapsing fever - USA: (TX) cave workers, 2017
- 20 Apr 2018 Chikungunya (04): Americas, Africa, Asia, research
- 20 Apr 2018 Citrus canker - Australia: (NT)
- 19 Apr 2018 White rot, garlic - China: (SD)
- 19 Apr 2018 Equine herpesvirus - North America (14): USA (CA, CO) equine
- 19 Apr 2018 Monkeypox - Africa (08): Liberia, clarification
- 19 Apr 2018 Dengue/DHF update (08): Americas, research, observations
- 19 Apr 2018 Influenza (14): WHO global update
- 19 Apr 2018 Anthrax - China: (NX) livestock, human
- 19 Apr 2018 Avian influenza (68): Togo (MA) poultry, HPAI H5N1, OIE
- 19 Apr 2018 Measles update (25): Asia, Pacific, Africa, Middle East, Europe, USA
- 19 Apr 2018 Potato spindle tuber viroid - Netherlands: epidemiology
- 19 Apr 2018 Blast disease, rice - Bangladesh: (RJ)
- 18 Apr 2018 Diphtheria - Americas: PAHO epidemiological update
- 18 Apr 2018 E. coli EHEC - USA (05): O157, romaine lettuce
- 18 Apr 2018 Cysticercus bovis - Zimbabwe: bovine
- 18 Apr 2018 Hepatitis E - Namibia (06): (KH) fatal
- 18 Apr 2018 Late blight, potato - India: strain Blue 13
- 18 Apr 2018 Equine encephalosis - India: (MH) equine, 2008, 1st case
- 18 Apr 2018 Malaria, P. cynomolgi - Malaysia: (SK)
- 18 Apr 2018 Cholera, diarrhea & dysentery update (17): Africa, Asia
- 18 Apr 2018 Hantavirus - Americas (29): Panama (LS)
- 18 Apr 2018 Meningitis, meningococcal - Fiji (03): fatal, children, sg.C, more cases
- 18 Apr 2018 MERS-CoV (13): Saudi Arabia, new cases, superspreader
- 18 Apr 2018 Cryptosporidiosis - USA: (RI) petting farm
- 18 Apr 2018 Rabies (20): Americas (USA) bat, human exposure
- 18 Apr 2018 Varicella update (08): UK (England) necrotizing retinitis
- 17 Apr 2018 Lassa fever - West Africa (24): Nigeria
- 17 Apr 2018 Lassa fever - West Africa (23): Liberia, WHO
- 17 Apr 2018 Buruli ulcer - Australia (02): (VI) increasing incidence & severity
- 17 Apr 2018 Murine typhus - USA: (TX)
- 17 Apr 2018 Listeriosis - Singapore (02): Australian rockmelons (cantaloupes) ST240
- 17 Apr 2018 Hepatitis E - Germany
- 17 Apr 2018 Hepatitis A - New Zealand: (South Island) school children
- 17 Apr 2018 Plague - Bolivia: (LP) bubonic, fatal
- 16 Apr 2018 Newcastle disease - Czech Republic: (ZL) backyard poultry, OIE
- 16 Apr 2018 Avian influenza (67): China (Hong Kong) pet birds, HPAI H5N6, OIE
- 16 Apr 2018 Salmonellosis, st. Braenderup - USA: eggs, recall
- 16 Apr 2018 Hepatitis A - Canada: frozen strawberries
- 16 Apr 2018 Anthrax - Namibia (02): (Bwabwata Natl Park) hippopotamus, buffalo, final report
- 16 Apr 2018 Severe fever w/ thrombocytopenia synd. - East Asia
- 16 Apr 2018 Japanese encephalitis & other - India (02): (UP), typhus
- 16 Apr 2018 Echinococcus multilocularis, human, canine - Canada: (ON)
- 16 Apr 2018 Rabies (19): Americas (USA) fox, human exposure
- 16 Apr 2018 Dengue/DHF update (07): Asia, Pacific, Africa, Australia
- 15 Apr 2018 Measles update (24): Europe, Mexico, South America, USA, Pacific
- 15 Apr 2018 Yellow fever - Americas (27): Brazil
- 15 Apr 2018 Typhoid fever - Pakistan (04): multidrug resistance
- 15 Apr 2018 Foot & mouth disease - China (04): (GS) st O, livestock, OIE
- 14 Apr 2018 Equine infectious anemia - Greece: (MH) OIE
- 14 Apr 2018 Legionellosis - Australia (02): (NS)
- 14 Apr 2018 Prion disease update: Algeria (OG), CPD, camelid, 1st
- 14 Apr 2018 Tuberculosis - USA (02): (MD) human, lab animals
- 14 Apr 2018 Leptospirosis - Reunion Island (02): more cases
- 14 Apr 2018 Equine herpesvirus - North America (13): (WA, SD) equine
- 14 Apr 2018 Alcohol poisoning - Indonesia: methanol susp
- 14 Apr 2018 Salmonellosis, st Enteritidis - Belgium, France: chilled horse meat, RFI
Published Date: 2018-05-14 10:57:06
Subject: PRO/AH> Malaria - USA: ex Costa Rica: (PU)
Archive Number: 20180514.5790914
Subject: PRO/AH> Malaria - USA: ex Costa Rica: (PU)
Archive Number: 20180514.5790914
MALARIA - USA: ex COSTA RICA (PUNTARENAS)
*****************************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org
Date: Wed 9 May 2018
From: Henry Wu [edited]
Henry Wu from the GeoSentinel Atlanta site recently reported a case of _Plasmodium falciparum_ malaria in an American tourist returning from Costa Rica.
The traveler was a tourist from the United States, without significant recent travel history. He visited a less traveled area in eastern Costa Rica, near Panama.
The patient's Costa Rica itinerary (7-20 Apr 2018) was as follows: Drake Bay, La Tarde, and El Remanso. The patient did not use repellents. Illness onset was the night 28 Apr 2018 with fever on 29 Apr 2018. Prior travel reported: St Thomas, Virgin Islands June 2017, and a trip to Tanzania in 2015 (for which he took Malarone prophylaxis).
This patient had a positive RDT [rapid diagnostic test] for _P. falciparum_ but surprisingly, 2 thick smears, one before and another 24 hours after treatment was started, were both negative. Initially the case was considered to be a false positive RDT (T1 band), but PCR done at the US CDC was positive. He recovered after treatment with Malarone. CDC is considering it a confirmed case for their surveillance at this point.
The case is unusual because this area is not considered a malaria risk area and only mosquito bite avoidance is recommended. Furthermore, it underscores how unpredictable malaria epidemiology can be, particularly in areas of migration movement. From the travel and illness onset dates, it does appear most likely that this American tourist contracted falciparum malaria in an area of Costa Rica that is not considered a risk area for malaria. When it comes to travelers' malaria, always expect the unexpected.
--
Henry Wu, MD
GeoSentinel Site Director
Atlanta
Patricia Schlagenhauf, PhD
Chair, Tracking and Communication Working Group
GeoSentinel
David Hamer, MD
GeoSentinel PI
[As underlined in the comment above, Costa Rica is considered to be free of malaria. We assume that the patient was infected my mosquitoes and therefore there must be other cases close to his itinerary. Alternatively, he was infected by migrants in Costa Rica from malaria endemic areas. All of these locations are on the Osa Peninsula, Puntarenas Province.
In 2004, PAHO reported 1289 cases of all species of malaria in Costa Rica of which 5 were mixed _P. falciparum_ malaria cases; all the remaining were _P. vivax_. In 2006, Costa Rica reported an outbreak of 13 cases of falciparum malaria in the Caribbean province of Limon.
ProMED will be interested in posting further information. - Mod.EP
HealthMap/ProMED-mail map
Península de Osa, Puntarenas, Costa Rica: http://healthmap.org/promed/p/39539]
*****************************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org
Date: Wed 9 May 2018
From: Henry Wu [edited]
Henry Wu from the GeoSentinel Atlanta site recently reported a case of _Plasmodium falciparum_ malaria in an American tourist returning from Costa Rica.
The traveler was a tourist from the United States, without significant recent travel history. He visited a less traveled area in eastern Costa Rica, near Panama.
The patient's Costa Rica itinerary (7-20 Apr 2018) was as follows: Drake Bay, La Tarde, and El Remanso. The patient did not use repellents. Illness onset was the night 28 Apr 2018 with fever on 29 Apr 2018. Prior travel reported: St Thomas, Virgin Islands June 2017, and a trip to Tanzania in 2015 (for which he took Malarone prophylaxis).
This patient had a positive RDT [rapid diagnostic test] for _P. falciparum_ but surprisingly, 2 thick smears, one before and another 24 hours after treatment was started, were both negative. Initially the case was considered to be a false positive RDT (T1 band), but PCR done at the US CDC was positive. He recovered after treatment with Malarone. CDC is considering it a confirmed case for their surveillance at this point.
The case is unusual because this area is not considered a malaria risk area and only mosquito bite avoidance is recommended. Furthermore, it underscores how unpredictable malaria epidemiology can be, particularly in areas of migration movement. From the travel and illness onset dates, it does appear most likely that this American tourist contracted falciparum malaria in an area of Costa Rica that is not considered a risk area for malaria. When it comes to travelers' malaria, always expect the unexpected.
--
Henry Wu, MD
GeoSentinel Site Director
Atlanta
Patricia Schlagenhauf, PhD
Chair, Tracking and Communication Working Group
GeoSentinel
David Hamer, MD
GeoSentinel PI
[As underlined in the comment above, Costa Rica is considered to be free of malaria. We assume that the patient was infected my mosquitoes and therefore there must be other cases close to his itinerary. Alternatively, he was infected by migrants in Costa Rica from malaria endemic areas. All of these locations are on the Osa Peninsula, Puntarenas Province.
In 2004, PAHO reported 1289 cases of all species of malaria in Costa Rica of which 5 were mixed _P. falciparum_ malaria cases; all the remaining were _P. vivax_. In 2006, Costa Rica reported an outbreak of 13 cases of falciparum malaria in the Caribbean province of Limon.
ProMED will be interested in posting further information. - Mod.EP
HealthMap/ProMED-mail map
Península de Osa, Puntarenas, Costa Rica: http://healthmap.org/promed/p/39539]
See Also
2017----
Costa Rica: increased risk alert : 20170918.5323282
2006
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Malaria - Costa Rica (Limon): 20061116.3280
.................................................ep/mj/lxl
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