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ProMED-mail



STRIPE RUST, WHEAT - CHINA: ALERT
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A ProMED-mail post
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International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org

Date: Tue 17 Dec 2019
Source: Successful Farming, Reuters report [edited]
https://www.agriculture.com/markets/newswire/yellow-rust-to-hit-chinas-key-wheat-areas-in-2020-govt-institute


- Yellow rust is expected to affect China's wheat output around spring next year [2020], after the disease spreads to key production areas across the eastern and northwest regions.

- Yellow rust was detected in Gansu, Ningxia, and Shaanxi provinces around October and November [2019], affecting seedlings across 510 685 acres, an area 3 times larger than the previous year [2018], the National Agricultural Technology Promotional Center said.

- The affected provinces witnessed a more severe outbreak compared with previous years.

- According to a forecast by China's Meteorological department, the temperature in the eastern and central wheat-producing regions is slightly higher compared with last year [2018]. This is conducive to [reproduction] of yellow rust in winter.

- Farmers should strengthen their monitoring and prevent and control the disease.

[Byline: Shivani Singh]

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Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
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[Stripe rust (also called yellow rust) of cereals is caused by the fungus _Puccinia striiformis_. The disease affects wheat (_Triticum aestivum_), durum wheat (_T. turgidum_), some barley varieties, triticale (wheat/rye hybrids), and a number of wild grasses. It causes yellow stripes on leaves, which leads to loss of photosynthetic ability and plant vigour as well as stunting of plants. Yield losses of 40-100% have been reported in wheat.

Spores are wind dispersed in several cycles during the cropping season. Grasses and volunteer crop plants may generate a "green bridge," providing inoculum for the next crop cycle. Disease monitoring is important so that timely action can be taken to limit the spread of the pathogen as well as build-up of inoculum. Disease management may include the use of resistant varieties, fungicide applications, and control of pathogen reservoirs. Monitoring and resistance breeding programmes have been established in different regions for early detection of new rust strains and to attempt to stay ahead of pathogen evolution.

While stem rust (_P. graminis_) poses a huge potential threat to world wheat production, stripe rust is currently causing the most damage to wheat crops on a global scale. New strains of both rusts with increased virulence and additional fungicide resistances have been reported in recent years from wheat-growing areas worldwide. Climate warming allowing survival of wheat rusts on green bridges into higher latitudes is another example of pathogens extending their range due to climate change (see also ProMED-mail posts 20141024.2895414, 20120809.1235745, 20090914.3230, 20110718.2172). Projects for double-resistance breeding to manage both stripe and stem rusts simultaneously are in progress (see ProMED-mail post 20120831.1274190).

Maps
China:
http://www.beijing-travels.com/image/chinamap.jpg
China provinces:
http://www.chinadiscovery.com/assets/images/customer-support/maps/china-provinces-map-600.jpg

Pictures
Stripe rust symptoms on wheat:
http://fyi.uwex.edu/fieldcroppathology/files/2015/05/Stripe-Rust-1.jpg,
http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/php/brief/2005/stripe/image/wheat3.jpg and
https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/sites/gateway/files/styles/original/public/Stripe%20rust%20infected%20glume.JPG?itok=pYpeNYx0
Stripe rust on barley:
http://media.padil.gov.au/species/136639/7736-large.jpg and
http://www.planthealthaustralia.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Barley-stripe-rust-1.jpg
Ryegrass with stripe rust:
http://www.science.oregonstate.edu/bpp/Plant_Clinic/images/ryegrass_stripe%20rust.jpg and
http://plant-pest-advisory.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/photo-15-e1378922274640.jpg

Links
Information on stripe rust:
https://www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank/Datasheet.aspx?dsid=45876,
https://www.ars.usda.gov/midwest-area/stpaul/cereal-disease-lab/docs/cereal-rusts/wheat-stripe-rust/,
https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/mycrop/diagnosing-stripe-rust-wheat,
http://www.planthealthaustralia.com.au/pests/barley-stripe-rust/,
http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/158964/stripe-rust-in-wheat.pdf and
http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/r730100511.html
_P. striiformis_ life cycle:
https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms3673/figures/1
Stripe rust global tracking, current race analysis and distribution:
http://wheatrust.org/yellow-rust-tools-maps-and-charts/ and
http://rusttracker.cimmyt.org/?page_id=9
Stripe rust reviews:
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2017.01057/full and via
https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20163358726
_P. striiformis_ taxonomy and synonyms:
http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=227064 and
http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=227064
Wheat rusts overview, including epidemiology and spore types:
http://www.fao.org/3/y4011e/y4011e0g.htm
Global Rust Initiative:
http://www.globalrust.org/
- Mod.DHA]

See Also

Stripe rust, wheat - India: (JK) 20190415.6422450
Stripe rust, wheat - Pakistan, India 20190328.6390313
2018
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Stripe rust, wheat - Australia: (VI) new strain 20180614.5855829
Stripe rust, wheat - India: (PB) alert 20180301.5659889
2017
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Stripe rust, wheat - UK: (02) Red 24 & Blue 7, new strains 20171023.5397303
Stripe rust, wheat - UK: new strains 20170914.5317650
Stripe rust, wheat - Canada, USA 20170608.5091941
Stripe rust, durum wheat - Mexico: new strain 20170413.4967401
Stem & stripe rusts, wheat - Europe, Asia, Africa: new races 20170206.4820305
2016
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Stripe, stem & leaf rusts, wheat - Ethiopia 20161117.4637042
Stripe rust, wheat - UK (02): new strains susp 20160711.4337095
Stripe rust, wheat - USA: new strains susp 20160610.4277039
Stripe rust, wheat - UK: Kranich strain, 1st rep 20160219.4033809
Stripe rust, wheat - India: (PB) alert 20160106.3916044
2015
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Stripe rust, wheat - Europe: origin of strains 20150717.3517395
Stripe rust, wheat - USA: (NE) 20150612.3432029
Stripe rust, wheat - Pakistan, Mexico 20150530.3396665
Stripe rust, wheat - India: (JK) 20150323.3247875
and additional items on stripe rust in the archives
.................................................sb/dha/tw/lm