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New research review added! Visit the AHRQ Evidence Reports page for a listing of reports produced under AHRQ'sEvidence-based Practice Program and Effective Health Care Program.
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These short, plain-language guides — tailored to clinicians, consumers, or policymakers — summarize research reviews' findings on the benefits and harms of different treatment options. Consumer guides provide useful background on health conditions. Clinician and policymaker guides rate the strength of evidence behind a report's conclusions. The guides on medications also contain basic wholesale price information. Some guides are also available in Spanish. Reports are listed starting with the most recent.
Clinicians
- Comparative Effectiveness of Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation for Rare Diseases in the Pediatric Population
- Acute Migraine Treatment in Emergency Settings
- Childhood Obesity Prevention Programs: Comparative Effectiveness
- Comparative Screening for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adults
- Comparative Effectiveness of Bariatric Surgery and Nonsurgical Therapy in Adults With Metabolic Conditions and a Body Mass Index of 30.0 to 34.9 kg/m2
- Treatment for Restless Legs Syndrome
- Effectiveness of Outpatient Case Management for Adults With Medical Illness and Complex Care Needs
- Evaluation and Treatment of Cryptorchidism
- Subcutaneous and Sublingual Immunotherapy To Treat Allergic Rhinitis/Rhinoconjunctivitis and Asthma
- Recurrent Nephrolithiasis in Adults: Comparative Effectiveness of Preventive Medical Strategies
- Treatment for Depression After Unsatisfactory Response to SSRIs in Adults and Adolescents
- Surgical Management of Inguinal Hernia
- First-Generation Versus Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Adults: Comparative Effectiveness
- Comparisons of Medical, Laser, and Incisional Surgical Treatments for Open-Angle Glaucoma in Adults
- Comparative Effectiveness of Treatments for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adults
- Drug Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Comparative Effectiveness
- Drug Therapy for Psoriatic Arthritis in Adults: Comparative Effectiveness
- Management of Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 1-3
- Noninvasive Technologies for Diagnosing Coronary Artery Disease in Women: Comparative Effectiveness
- Procalcitonin-Guided Antibiotic Therapy
- First- and Second-Generation Antipsychotics for Children: Comparative Effectiveness
- Insulin Delivery and Glucose Monitoring Methods for Diabetes Mellitus: Comparative Effectiveness
- Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Orthopedic Surgery
- Off-Label Use of Atypical Antipsychotics: An Update
- Second-Generation Antidepressants for Treating Adult Depression: An Update
- Antinuclear Antibody, Rheumatoid Factor, and Cyclic-Citrullinated Peptide Tests for Evaluating Musculoskeletal Complaints in Children
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents
- Treatment To Prevent Osteoporotic Fractures: An Update
- Effectiveness of Treatments for Noncyclic Chronic Pelvic Pain in Adult Women
- Non-surgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Adult Women: Diagnosis and Comparative Effectiveness
- Nonpharmacologic Interventions for Treatment-Resistant Depression in Adults
- Effectiveness of Self-Measured Blood Pressure Monitoring in Adults With Hypertension
- Analgesics for Osteoarthritis
- Clostridium difficile Infections: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
- ACEIs, ARBs, or DRI for Adults With Hypertension
- Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
- Managing Chronic Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
- Comparative Effectiveness of Diagnosis and Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults
- Comparing Medications for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
- Pain Management Interventions for Elderly Patients With Hip Fracture
- Depression After Traumatic Brain Injury
- Use of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone for Pediatric Patients With Cystic Fibrosis
- Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Radiotherapy Treatments for Head and Neck Cancer
- Comparative Effectiveness of Interventions for Rotator Cuff Tears in Adults
- Utilization and Clinical Data on In-Hospital Off-Label Uses of Recombinant Factor VIIa
- Adding ACEIs and/or ARBs to Standard Therapy for Stable Ischemic Heart Disease: Benefits and Harms
- Core-Needle Biopsy for Breast Abnormalities
- Medications To Reduce the Risk of Primary Breast Cancer in Women
- Elective Induction of Labor Safety and Harms
- Treating Cholesterol With Combination Therapy
- Radiofrequency Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
- Gestational Diabetes: Caring for Women During and After Pregnancy
Consumers
- Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Bone Marrow or Blood Stem Cell Transplants in Children With Certain Rare Inherited Metabolic Diseases
- Treating Severe Migraine Headaches in the Emergency Room
- Keeping Children at a Healthy Weight
- Testing for the Hepatitis C Virus
- Weight-Loss Surgery for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes Who Are at the Lower Levels of Obesity
- Options for Treating Restless Legs Syndrome
- Managing Care for Adults With Long-term Medical Illnesses
- Treatment Options for Children With Undescended Testicles
- Allergy Shots and Allergy Drops for Adults and Children
- Lowering the Chance of Getting Another Calcium Kidney Stone
- Treatment Options When Your SSRI Antidepressant Is Not Working Well
- Surgery for an Inguinal Hernia
- Antipsychotic Medicines for Treating Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Review of the Research for Adults and Caregivers
- Treatments for Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Review of the Research for Adults
- Treating Chronic Hepatitis C: A Review of the Research for Adults
- Medicines for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Review of the Research for Adults
- Medicines for Psoriatic Arthritis: A Review of the Research for Adults
- Medicines for Early Stage Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review of the Research for Adults With Kidney Disease and Diabetes or High Blood Pressure
- Antipsychotic Medicines for Children and Teens: A Review of the Research for Parents and Caregivers
- Methods for Delivering Insulin and Monitoring Blood Sugar: A Review of the Research for Children, Teens, and Adults With Diabetes
- Preventing Blood Clots After Hip or Knee Replacement Surgery or Surgery for a Broken Hip: A Review of the Research for Adults
- Medicines for Treating Mental Health Conditions: A Review of the Research for Adults and Caregivers
- Medicines for Treating Depression: A Review of the Research for Adults
- Treatment Options for ADHD in Children and Teens: A Review of Research for Parents and Caregivers
- Reducing the Risk of Bone Fracture: A Review of the Research for Adults With Low Bone Density
- Treating Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Review of the Research for Women
- Non-surgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence: A Review of the Research for Women
- Therapies for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Review of the Research
- Measuring Your Blood Pressure at Home: A Review of the Research for Adults
- Managing Osteoarthritis Pain With Medicines: A Review of the Research for Adults
- Treating and Preventing C-diff Infections: A Review of the Research for Adults and Their Caregivers
- Choosing Medicines for High Blood Pressure: A Review of the Research on ACEs, ARBs, and DRIs
- DMARDs for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Review of the Research for Parents and Caregivers
- Treatment Options for GERD or Acid Reflux Disease: A Review of the Research for Adults
- Treating Sleep Apnea: A Review of the Research for Adults
- Medicines for Type 2 Diabetes: A Review of the Research for Adults
- Managing Pain From a Broken Hip: A Guide for Adults and Their Caregivers
- Depression After Brain Injury: A Guide for Patients and Their Caregivers
- Human Growth Hormone for Children With Cystic Fibrosis: A Review of the Research for Parents and Caregivers
- Understanding Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer: A Guide for Adults and Their Caregivers
- Treatment Options for Rotator Cuff Tears: A Guide for Adults
- "ACE Inhibitors" and "ARBs" To Protect Your Heart?
- Having a Breast Biopsy: A Guide for Women and Their Families
- Reducing the Risk of Breast Cancer with Medicine: A Guide for Women
- Thinking About Inducing Your Labor: A Guide for Pregnant Women
- Treating High Cholesterol: A Guide for Adults
- Radiofrequency Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: A Guide for Adults
- Gestational Diabetes: A Guide for Pregnant Women
Policymakers
These comprehensive reports draw on completed scientific studies to make head-to-head comparisons of different health care interventions. They also show where more research is needed.There are two types of research reviews: (1) Comparative effectiveness and effectiveness reviews outline the effectiveness — or benefits and harms — of treatment options and (2)Technical briefs explain what is known — and what is not known — about new or emerging health care tests or treatments. Final reports are listed below by health condition.
Brain and Nerve Conditions
- Migraine in Adults: Preventive Pharmacologic Treatments
- Acute Migraine Treatment in Emergency Settings
- Treatment for Restless Legs Syndrome
- Comparison of Characteristics of Nursing Homes and Other Residential Long-Term Care Settings for People With Dementia
Breathing Conditions
- Treatments for Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
- Interventions To Modify Health Care Provider Adherence to Asthma Guidelines
- Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis and/or Asthma: Comparative Effectiveness Review
- Assessment and Management of Chronic Cough
- Breathing Exercises and/or Retraining Techniques in the Treatment of Asthma: Comparative Effectiveness
- Noninvasive Positive- Pressure Ventilation (NPPV) for Acute Respiratory Failure
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults
Cancer
- Decision Aids for Cancer Screening and Treatment
- Therapies for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: Update of a 2008 Systematic Review
- Radiotherapy Treatments for Head and Neck Cancer Update
- Imaging Techniques for the Diagnosis and Staging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- Imaging Tests for the Diagnosis and Staging of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
- Core Needle and Open Surgical Biopsy for Diagnosis of Breast Lesions: An Update to the 2009 Report
- Imaging Tests for the Staging of Colorectal Cancer
- Local Nonsurgical Therapies for Stage I and Symptomatic Obstructive Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
- Oral Contraceptive Use for the Primary Prevention of Ovarian Cancer
- Local Therapies for Unresectable Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- Epoetin and Darbepoetin for Managing Anemia in Patients Undergoing Cancer Treatment: Comparative Effectiveness Update
- PCA3 Testing for the Diagnosis and Management of Prostate Cancer
- Local Hepatic Therapies for Metastases to the Liver From Unresectable Colorectal Cancer
- Serum Free Light Chain Analysis for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis of Plasma Cell Dyscrasias
- Multigene Panels in Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment
- Comparative Effectiveness of Fecal DNA Testing in Screening for Colorectal Cancer in Average Risk Adults
- Noninvasive Diagnostic Tests for Breast Abnormalities: Update of a 2006 Review
- Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation in the Pediatric Population
- Comparative Effectiveness of Medications To Reduce Risk of Primary Breast Cancer in Women
Dermatologic Conditions
Developmental Delays, ADHD, Autism
- Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Behavioral Interventions Update
- Interventions for Adolescents and Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders
- Future Research Needs for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Effectiveness of Treatment in At-Risk Preschoolers; Long-Term Effectiveness in All Ages; and Variability in Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Treatment
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Effectiveness of Treatment in At-Risk Preschoolers; Long-Term Effectiveness in All Ages; and Variability in Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Treatment
- Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Diabetes
- Medication Therapy Management Interventions in Outpatient Settings
- Insulin Delivery and Glucose Monitoring Methods: Future Research Needs
- Screening and Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
- Methods for Insulin Delivery and Glucose Monitoring: Comparative Effectiveness
- Oral Diabetes Medications for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. An Update
- Comparative Effectiveness, Safety, and Indications of Insulin Analogues in Premixed Formulations for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Diagnostics
Dietary Supplements
Digestive System Conditions
- Pharmacologic Therapies for the Management of Crohn's Disease: Comparative Effectiveness
- Wireless Motility Capsule Versus Other Diagnostic Technologies for Evaluating Gastroparesis and Constipation: A Comparative Effectiveness Review
- Comparative Effectiveness of Management Strategies for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease – an Update to the 2005 Report
Endocrine and Metabolism
Functional Limitations and Physical Disabilities
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
- The Effectiveness and Risks of Long-Term Opioid Treatment of Chronic Pain
- Pressure Ulcer Treatment Strategies: Comparative Effectiveness
- Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment and Prevention: Comparative Effectiveness
- Interventions for Feeding and Nutrition in Cerebral Palsy
- Surgical Options for Inguinal Hernia: Comparative Effectiveness Review
Genitourinary Conditions
- Chronic Urinary Retention: Comparative Effectiveness and Harms of Treatments
- Primary Care Management of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
- Evaluation and Treatment of Cryptorchidism
- Recurrent Nephrolithiasis in Adults: Comparative Effectiveness of Preventive Medical Strategies
- Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Adult Women: Diagnosis and Comparative Effectiveness
Gynecology
Heart and Blood Vessel Conditions
- Cardiac Troponins Used as Diagnostic and Prognostic Tests in Patients With Kidney Disease
- Transitional Care Interventions To Prevent Readmissions for People With Heart Failure
- Combination Therapy Versus Intensification of Statin Monotherapy: An Update
- Chronic Venous Ulcers: A Comparative Effectiveness Review of Treatment Modalities
- Use of Natriuretic Peptide Measurement in the Management of Heart Failure
- Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Treatments for Unstable Angina/Non–ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
- Testing of CYP2C19 Variants and Platelet Reactivity for Guiding Antiplatelet Treatment
- Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation
- Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation
- Pharmacologic and Mechanical Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism Among Special Populations
- Treatment Strategies for Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Screening, Management, and Treatment
- Intravascular Diagnostic Procedures and Imaging Techniques Versus Angiography Alone in Coronary Artery Stenting: Comparative Effectiveness Review
- Treatment Strategies for Women With Coronary Artery Disease
- Noninvasive Technologies for the Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease in Women
- Dietary Supplements in Adults Taking Cardiovascular Drugs
- Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Orthopedic Surgery
- Self-Measured Blood Pressure Monitoring: Comparative Effectiveness
- Adjunctive Devices for Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs), Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (ARBs), and Direct Renin Inhibitors for Treating Essential Hypertension: An Update
- Comparative Effectiveness of In-Hospital Use of Recombinant Factor VIIa for Off-Label Indications vs. Usual Care
- Comparative Effectiveness of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
- Comparative Effectiveness of Percutaneous Coronary Interventions and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Coronary Artery Disease
- Comparative Effectiveness of Medical Therapies with or without ACEs or ARBs for Stable Ischemic Heart Disease
- Comparative Effectiveness of Management Strategies for Renal Artery Stenosis: 2007 Update
Infectious Diseases and HIV/AIDS
- Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Measures for Guiding Antibiotic Treatment for Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia
- Oral Mechanical Bowel Preparation for Colorectal Surgery
- Screening for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
- Interventions To Improve Patient Adherence to Hepatitis C Treatment: Comparative Effectiveness
- Closing the Quality Gap Series: Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections
- Treatment for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adults
- Screening for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adultslts
- Procalcitonin-Guided Antibiotic Therapy
- Effectiveness of Early Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infection
Mental Health
- Pharmacotherapy for Adults With Alcohol-Use Disorders in Outpatient Settings
- Meditation Programs for Psychological Stress and Well-Being
- Interventions for Adult Offenders With Serious Mental Illness
- Interventions To Improve Cardiovascular Risk Factors in People With Serious Mental Illness
- Child Exposure to Trauma: Comparative Effectiveness of Interventions Addressing Maltreatment
- Efficacy and Safety of Screening for Postpartum Depression
- Psychological and Pharmacological Treatments for Adults With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- Interventions for the Prevention of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Adults After Exposure to Psychological Trauma
- Child and Adolescent Exposure to Trauma: Comparative Effectiveness of Interventions Addressing Trauma Other Than Maltreatment or Family Violence
- First-Generation Versus Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Adults: Comparative Effectiveness
- Practice-Based Interventions Addressing Concomitant Depression and Chronic Medical Conditions in the Primary Care Setting
- Screening, Behavioral Counseling, and Referral in Primary Care to Reduce Alcohol Misuse
- Multidisciplinary Postacute Rehabilitation for Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Adults
- Treatment for Depression After Unsatisfactory Response to SSRIs
- Comparative Effectiveness of First and Second Generation Antipsychotics in the Pediatric and Young Adult Populations
- Off-Label Use of Atypical Antipsychotics: An Update
- Nonpharmacologic Interventions for Treatment-Resistant Depression in Adults
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Depression
- Comparative Effects of Classes of Antidepressants on the Risk of Aspiration Pneumonia in the Aged
Muscle, Bone, and Joint Conditions
- Treatments for Fibromyalgia in Adult Subgroups
- Physical Therapy Interventions for Knee Pain Secondary to Osteoarthritis
- Drug Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis in Adults: An Update
- Drug Therapy for Psoriatic Arthritis in Adults – An Update to the 2007 Report
- Treatment To Prevent Fractures in Men and Women With Low Bone Density or Osteoporosis: Update of a 2007 Report
- Antinuclear Antibody, Rheumatoid Factor, and Cyclic-Citrullinated Peptide Tests for Evaluating Musculoskeletal Complaints in Children
- Analgesics for Osteoarthritis: An Update of the 2006 Comparative Effectiveness Review
- Comparative Effectiveness of Pain Management Interventions for Hip Fracture
- Comparative Effectiveness of Nonoperative and Operative Treatments for Rotator Cuff Tears
Nonclinical Topics
- Communication and Dissemination Strategies To Facilitate the Use of Health-Related Evidence
- Closing the Quality Gap Series: Revisiting the State of the Science – A Summary
- Outpatient Case Management for Adults With Medical Illness and Complex Care Needs
- Long-Term Care for Older Adults: A Review of Home and Community-Based Services Versus Institutional Care
- Closing the Quality Gap Series: Improving Health Care and Palliative Care for Advanced and Serious Illness
- Closing the Quality Gap Series: Quality Improvement Measurement of Outcomes for People With Disabilities
- Closing the Quality Gap Series: Medication Adherence Interventions: Comparative Effectiveness
- Closing the Quality Gap Series: Quality Improvement Interventions To Address Health Disparities
- Closing the Quality Gap Series: Bundled Payment: Effects on Health Care Spending and Quality
- Closing the Quality Gap Series: Public Reporting as a Quality Improvement Strategy
- Closing the Quality Gap Series: The Patient-Centered Medical Home
- Allocation of Scarce Resources During Mass Casualty Events
Obesity
- Childhood Obesity Prevention Programs: Comparative Effectiveness Review and Meta-Analysis
- Bariatric Surgery and Nonsurgical Therapy in Adults With Metabolic Conditions and a Body Mass Index of 30.0 to 34.9 kg/m2
- Strategies To Prevent Weight Gain Among Adults
Otolaryngologic Conditions
Pediatrics
- Safety of Vaccines Used for Routine Immunization in the United States
- Migraine in Children: Preventive Pharmacologic Treatments
- Diagnosis and Management of Febrile Infants (0–3 Months)
Pregnancy and Childbirth
- Antidepressant Treatment of Depression During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period
- Smoking Cessation Interventions in Pregnancy and Postpartum Care
- Strategies To Reduce Cesarean Birth in Low-Risk Women
- Progestogens for Prevention of Preterm Birth
- Nitrous Oxide for the Management of Labor Pain
Renal Disease
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