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Paternally expressed genes predomin... [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013] - PubMed - NCBI

Paternally expressed genes predomin... [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013] - PubMed - NCBI



 2013 Jun 25;110(26):10705-10. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1308998110. Epub 2013 Jun 10.

Paternally expressed genes predominate in the placenta.

Abstract

The discovery of genomic imprinting through studies of manipulated mouse embryos indicated that the paternal genome has a major influence on placental development. However, previous research has not demonstrated paternal bias in imprinted genes. We applied RNA sequencing to trophoblast tissue from reciprocal hybrids of horse and donkey, where genotypic differences allowed parent-of-origin identification of most expressed genes. Using this approach, we identified a core group of 15 ancient imprinted genes, of which 10 were paternally expressed. An additional 78 candidate imprinted genes identified by RNA sequencing also showed paternal bias. Pyrosequencing was used to confirm the imprinting status of six of the genes, including the insulin receptor (INSR), which may play a role in growth regulation with its reciprocally imprinted ligand, histone acetyltransferase-1 (HAT1), a gene involved in chromatin modification, and lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus G6C, a newly identified imprinted gene in the major histocompatibility complex. The 78 candidate imprinted genes displayed parent-of-origin expression bias in placenta but not fetus, and most showed less than 100% silencing of the imprinted allele. Some displayed variability in imprinting status among individuals. This variability results in a unique epigenetic signature for each placenta that contributes to variation in the intrauterine environment and thus presents the opportunity for natural selection to operate on parent-of-origin differential regulation. Taken together, these features highlight the plasticity of imprinting in mammals and the central importance of the placenta as a target tissue for genomic imprinting.

KEYWORDS:

chorionic girdle; hinny; interspecific hybrid equids; mule

PMID:
 
23754418
 
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 
PMCID:
 
PMC3696791
 
Free PMC Article
Fig. 1.

The Placenta: Genomics & Health

an embryo in a placenta
The Human Placenta Project: Placental structure and function in real time.External Web Site Icon National Institute of Child Health and Development, workshop, May 2014 
Recent Selected Placenta Genomics Articles
Copy number variation is a fundamental aspect of the placental genomeExternal Web Site Icon 
Roberta L. Hannibal, et al. PLOS Genetics, May 2014
Paternally expressed genes predominate in the placenta.External Web Site Icon
Wang X et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jun 25;110(26):10705-10.
The human placenta methylome.External Web Site Icon 
Schroeder DI et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Apr 9;110(15):6037-42. 

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