Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in pediatric patients: case report and literature review.

Schwenk H1, Ramirez-Avila L, Sheu SH, Wuthrich C, Waugh J, Was A, Degirolami U, Burchett S, Koralnik IJ, Ahmed A.

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Abstract

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a rare, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by JC virus. Fewer than 30 cases have been reported in HIV- and non-infected children. We report the case of a 15-year-old girl with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and AIDS who presented with nystagmus, dysarthria and ataxia. Following combined antiretroviral therapy, she developed immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, which proved fatal.