Preventing Chronic Disease | Determinants of Major Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Participants of the South Carolina WISEWOMAN Program, 2009–2012 - CDC

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Preventing Chronic Disease | Determinants of Major Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Participants of the South Carolina WISEWOMAN Program, 2009–2012 - CDC

Determinants of Major Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Participants of the South Carolina WISEWOMAN Program, 2009–2012

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• Abstract
• Introduction
• Methods
• Results
• Discussion
• Acknowledgments
• Author Information
• References
• Tables

Georges Joseph Nahhas, MPH; Virginie Daguise, PhD; Andrew Ortaglia, PhD, MSPH; Anwar T. Merchant, DMD, ScD

Suggested citation for this article: Nahhas GJ, Daguise V, Ortaglia A, Merchant AT. Determinants of Major Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Participants of the South Carolina WISEWOMAN Program, 2009–2012. Prev Chronic Dis 2014;11:140044. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd11.140044.

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Abstract

Introduction
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among US women, accounting for 25% of all deaths in this population. Approximately 65% of these deaths occur in asymptomatic women. Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes mellitus (diabetes) are major risk factors for CVD and can be treated effectively if identified at an early stage.

Methods
Data were available from 3,572 uninsured first-time female participants aged 40 to 65 years, referred by their health professional to the South Carolina Well-Integrated Screening and Evaluation for Women Across the Nation (SC WISEWOMAN), 2009–2012. All women completed a structured health-risk and behavior questionnaire. Anthropometric measures were recorded and data on clinical risk-factors were collected. Prevalence-ratios (PRs) were obtained by predictive multivariable log-linear modeling.

Results
The prevalence of risk factors was 34.7% for uncontrolled hypertension, 9.3% for hypercholesterolemia, and 21% for diabetes. Prevalence of untreated hypertension was 15.6%; hypercholesterolemia, 8%; and diabetes, 4%. The greatest significant predictor of hypercholesterolemia was hypertension (PR = 4.37) and vice versa (PR = 2.39). The greatest significant predictors of diabetes were obesity (PR = 2.23), family history of diabetes (PR = 2.02), and hypercholesterolemia (PR = 1.85). Being obese (PR = 1.36), overweight (PR = 1.23), aged 60 years or more (PR = 1.26), and black (PR = 1.14) were significant predictors of having at least one CVD risk factor. Being black (PR = 1.09) was the only significant predictor of having comorbid conditions.

Conclusion
Prevalence of uncontrolled CVD risk factors was high among participants in the SC WISEWOMAN program. These findings confirm that the program is reaching high-risk women who are in need of interventions to reduce their risk for CVD through lifestyle changes.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dianna Lydiard, PhD, and Yaw Boateng for their insight regarding the SC WISEWOMAN program and Mary Beth Williams for her efforts in data preparation. We also acknowledge funding for the SC WISEWOMAN program through cooperative agreement no. 5U58DP001436 from CDC.

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Author Information

Corresponding Author: Georges Joseph Nahhas, MPH, University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Discovery I Building, 915 Greene St, Room 465, Columbia, SC 29208. Telephone: 803-463-6812. E-mail: nahhas@email.sc.edu.

Author Affiliations: Virginie Daguise, South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, Columbia, South Carolina; Andrew Ortaglia, Anwar T. Merchant, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.

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