Evidence-Based Practice Program
Evidence Reports
Evidence-Based Practice Center (EPC) reports are used for informing and developing coverage decisions, quality measures, educational materials and tools, guidelines, and research agendas. For more information on EPCs, including a list of archived reports, visit the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Web site 
Evidence Technical Reviews
- Volume 1: Application of Systematic Review Methodology to the Field of Nutrition
- Volume 2: Issues and Challenges in Conducting Systematic Reviews to Support Development of Nutrient Reference Values: Workshop Summary
- Volume 3: Reporting of Systematic Reviews of Micronutrients and Health: A Critical Appraisal
- Volume 4: Effects of Eicosapentanoic Acid and Docosahexanoic Acid on Mortality Across Diverse Settings: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials and Prospective Cohorts
- Volume 5: Comparison of Translational Patterns in Two Nutrient–Disease Associations
- Volume 6: Concordance Between the Findings of Epidemiological Studies and Randomized Trials in Nutrition: An Empirical Evaluation and Analysis
9. Closing the Quality Gap:
- Volume 1: A Critical Analysis of Quality Improvement Strategies
- Volume 2: Diabetes Mellitus Care
- Volume 3: Hypertension Care
- Volume 4: Antibiotic Prescribing Behavior
- Volume 5: Asthma Care
- Volume 6: Healthcare-Associated Infections
- Volume 7: Care Coordination
Technology Assessment Reports
The technology assessment program at AHRQ provides technology assessments for the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). These technology assessments are used by CMS to inform its national coverage decisions for the Medicare program as well as provide information to Medicare carriers. For a list of archived reports from 1990-2010, see the AHRQ Web site .
.2016
2015
- Systematic Review for Effectiveness of Hyaluronic Acid in the Treatment of Severe Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD) of the Knee
- Catheter Ablation for Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation
- Cognitive Outcomes After Cardiovascular Procedures in Older Adults: A Systematic Review
- Pain Management Injection Therapies for Low Back Pain
- Use of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in the Medicare Population
2014
- Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Technologies For Chronic Wound Care in the Home Setting
- Technology Assessment of Molecular Pathology Testing for the Estimation of Prognosis for Common Cancers
2013
- Assessment on Implantable Defibrillators and the Evidence for Primary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death
- Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) or Other In Situ Hybridization (ISH) Testing of Uterine Cervical Cells to Predict Precancer and Cancer
- Skin Substitutes for Treating Chronic Wounds
- Technology Assessment on Genetic Testing or Molecular Pathology Testing of Cancers with Unknown Primary Site to Determine Origin
- Update on Emerging Genetic Tests Currently Available for Clinical Use in Common Cancers
2012
- The Impact of Pre-Transplant Red Blood Cell Transfusions in Renal Allograft Rejection
- Management of Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis
- Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life for Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy
- Systematic Review of Decision Tools and their Suitability for Patient-Centered Decisionmaking regarding Electronic Cardiac Devices
- Systematic Review of ECG-based Signal Analysis Technologies for Evaluating Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
- Update on Mapping the Landscape of Genetic Tests for Non-Cancer Diseases/Conditions
2011
- Effectiveness of Cochlear Implants in Adults with Sensorineural Hearing Loss
- Health Risk Appraisal
- Lifestyle Interventions for Four Conditions: Type 2 Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, Breast Cancer, and Prostate Cancer
- Outcomes of Sipuleucel-T Therapy
- Update on Horizon Scans of Genetic Tests Currently Available for Clinical Use in Cancers
Effective Health Care Program
Research Reviews and Research Summaries
There are three types of research reviews: (1) Comparative effectiveness reviews outline the effectiveness — or benefits and harms — of treatment options, (2) Technical briefs explain what is known — and what is not known — about new or emerging health care tests or treatments. Final reports are listed below by health condition, and (3) Future research needs papers are intended to be used by researchers and funders of research to help improve the body of comparative effectiveness evidence that would be useful for decision-makers. For a list of archived research reviews, see the Effective Health Care Program Web site .
.Below the research reviews, where applicable, are short, plain-language guides – tailored to clinicians, consumers, or policymakers – which summarize the research review's findings on the benefits and harms of different treatment options. Consumer summaries provide useful background on health conditions. Clinician summaries and policymaker summaries rate the strength of evidence behind a report's conclusions. The summaries on medications also contain basic wholesale price information.
Brain and Nerve Conditions
- Interventions to Prevent Age-Related Cognitive Decline, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Clinical Alzheimer's-Type Dementia
- Nonpharmacologic Interventions for Agitation and Aggression in Dementia
- Decisional Dilemmas in Discontinuing Prolonged Disease-Modifying Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis
- Preventive Pharmacological Treatments for Migraine in Adults: Future Research Needs
- Treatment for Restless Legs Syndrome: Future Research Needs
Breathing Conditions
- Improving Antibiotic Prescribing for Uncomplicated Acute Respiratory Tract Infections
- Medication Therapy Management Interventions in Outpatient Settings
- Treatments for Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
- Future Research Needs for the Comparative Effectiveness of Breathing Exercises and/or Retraining Techniques in the Treatment of Asthma
- Future Research Needs for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- Future Research Needs for Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Cancer
- Imaging for the Pretreatment Staging of Small Cell Lung Cancer
- Management of Renal Masses and Localized Renal Cancer
- Emerging Approaches to Diagnosis and Treatment of Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
- Treatment of Nonmetastatic Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
- Decision Aids for Cancer Screening and Treatment
- Therapies for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: Update of a 2008 Systematic Review
- Clinician Summary: Therapies for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
- Consumer Summary: Treating Localized Prostate Cancer: A Review of the Research for Adults
- Consumer Summary (Spanish): Tratamiento del cáncer de próstata localizado: Revisión de la investigación para adultos
- Clinician Summary: Therapies for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
- Radiotherapy Treatments for Head and Neck Cancer Update
- Clinician Summary: Radiotherapy Treatments for Head and Neck Cancer
- Consumer Summary: Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer: A Summary for Adults and Their Caregivers
- Clinician Summary: Radiotherapy Treatments for Head and Neck Cancer
- Imaging Techniques for the Diagnosis and Staging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- Imaging Techniques for Treatment Evaluation for Metastatic Breast Cancer
- Imaging Tests for the Diagnosis and Staging of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
- Core Needle and Open Surgical Biopsy for Diagnosis of Breast Lesions: An Update to the 2009 Report
- Clinician Summary: Core-Needle Biopsy for Breast Abnormalities
- Consumer Summary: Having a Breast Biopsy: A Review of the Research for Women and Their Families
- Consumer Summary (Spanish): Si tiene que hacerse una biopsia del seno: Revisión de las investigaciones para mujeres y sus familias New
- Clinician Summary: Core-Needle Biopsy for Breast Abnormalities
- Imaging Tests for the Staging of Colorectal Cancer
- Models of Cancer Survivorship Care
- PCA3 Testing in the Diagnosis and Management of Prostate Cancer: Future Research Needs
- Serum Free Light Chain Analysis for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis of Plasma Cell Dyscrasias: Future Research Needs
- Future Research Needs for Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation in the Pediatric Population
- Future Research Needs To Reduce the Risk of Primary Breast Cancer in Women
- Future Research Needs for Comparative Effectiveness of Treatments of Localized Prostate Cancer
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Dermatologic Conditions
- Diagnosis and Management of Infantile Hemangioma
- Clinician Summary: Management of Infantile Hemangioma
- Consumer Summary: Treating Infantile Hemangiomas in Children
- Consumer Summary (Spanish): Tratamiento del hemangioma infantil en niños: Revisión de la investigación para padres y personas que ayudan con el cuidado New
- Policymaker Summary: Management of Infantile Hemangioma
- Clinician Summary: Management of Infantile Hemangioma
- Chronic Venous Ulcers: A Comparative Effectiveness Review of Treatment Modalities
Developmental Delays, ADHD, Autism
- Genetic Testing for Developmental Disabilities, Intellectual Disability, and Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Behavioral Interventions Update
- Clinician Summary: Comparative Effectiveness of Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Consumer Summary: Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Clinician Summary: Comparative Effectiveness of Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Future Research Needs: Interventions for Adolescents and Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders
- Interventions for Adolescents and Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders
- Future Research Needs for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Effectiveness of Treatment in At-Risk Preschoolers; Long-Term Effectiveness in All Ages; and Variability in Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Treatment
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Effectiveness of Treatment in At-Risk Preschoolers; Long-Term Effectiveness in All Ages; and Variability in Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Diabetes
- Diabetes Medications for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: An Update
- Medication Therapy Management Interventions in Outpatient Settings
- Insulin Delivery and Glucose Monitoring Methods: Future Research Needs
- Methods for Insulin Delivery and Glucose Monitoring: Comparative Effectiveness
- Future Research Needs for the Management of Gestational Diabetes
Diagnostic
Digestive System Conditions
- Treatments for Fecal Incontinence
- Clinician Summary: Treatments for Fecal Incontinence: Current State of the Evidence
- Consumer Summary: Treatments for Fecal Incontinence: A Review of the Research for Adults
- Clinician Summary: Treatments for Fecal Incontinence: Current State of the Evidence
- Diagnosis of Celiac Disease
- Clinician Summary: Diagnosis of Celiac Disease: Current State of the Evidence
- Clinician Summary: Diagnosis of Celiac Disease: Current State of the Evidence
- Diagnosis of Right Lower Quadrant Pain and Suspected Acute Appendicitis
- Pharmacological Management of Crohn's Disease: Future Research Needs
- Pharmacologic Therapies for the Management of Crohn's Disease: Comparative Effectiveness
- Wireless Motility Capsule Versus Other Diagnostic Technologies for Evaluating Gastroparesis and Constipation: Future Research Needs
- Adjuvant Treatment for Phenylketonuria: Future Research Needs
- Comparative Effectiveness of Management Strategies for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease – an Update to the 2005 Report
Functional Limitations and Physical Disabilities
- Noninvasive Treatments for Low Back Pain
- Clinician Summary: Noninvasive Treatments for Low Back Pain: Current State of the Evidence
- Consumer Summary: Noninvasive Treatments for Low Back Pain
- Clinician Summary: Noninvasive Treatments for Low Back Pain: Current State of the Evidence
- Transition Care for Children With Special Health Needs
Genitourinary Conditions
- Newer Medications for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Attributed to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Review
- Chronic Urinary Retention: Comparative Effectiveness and Harms of Treatments
- Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Adult Women: Diagnosis and Comparative Effectiveness
Gynecology
- Menopausal Symptoms: Comparative Effectiveness of Therapies
- Future Research Needs for Noncyclic Chronic Pelvic Pain Therapies for Women
- Noncyclic Chronic Pelvic Pain Therapies for Women: Comparative Effectiveness
Heart and Blood Vessel Conditions
- Renal Artery Stenosis Management Strategies: An Updated Comparative Effectiveness Review
- Noninvasive Testing for Coronary Artery Disease
- Diagnosis and Management of Infantile Hemangioma
- Clinician Summary: Management of Infantile Hemangioma
- Consumer Summary: Treating Infantile Hemangiomas in Children
- Policymaker Summary: Management of Infantile Hemangioma
- Clinician Summary: Management of Infantile Hemangioma
- Medication Therapy Management Interventions in Outpatient Settings
- Cardiac Troponins Used as Diagnostic and Prognostic Tests in Patients With Kidney Disease
- Transitional Care Interventions To Prevent Readmissions for People With Heart Failure
- Combination Therapy Versus Intensification of Statin Monotherapy: An Update
- Chronic Venous Ulcers: A Comparative Effectiveness Review of Treatment Modalities
- Use of Natriuretic Peptide Measurement in the Management of Heart Failure
- Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Treatments for Unstable Angina/Non–ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
- Testing of CYP2C19 Variants and Platelet Reactivity for Guiding Antiplatelet Treatment
- Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation
- Pharmacologic and Mechanical Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism Among Special Populations
- Treatment Strategies for Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Screening, Management, and Treatment
- Intravascular Diagnostic Procedures and Imaging Techniques Versus Angiography Alone in Coronary Stenting: Future Research Needs
- Treatment Strategies for Women With Coronary Artery Disease: Future Research Needs
- Noninvasive Technologies for the Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease in Women: Future Research Needs
- Self-Measured Blood Pressure: Future Research Needs
- Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Orthopedic Surgery
- Future Research Needs for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs), Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (ARBs), or Direct Renin Inhibitors (DRIs) for Treating Hypertension
- Self-Measured Blood Pressure Monitoring: Comparative Effectiveness
- Future Research Needs for Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Added to Standard Medical Therapy for Treating Stable Ischemic Heart Disease
- Future Research Needs for the Comparison of Percutaneous Coronary Interventions With Bypass Graft Surgery in Nonacute Coronary Artery Disease
- Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque
- Comparative Effectiveness of In-Hospital Use of Recombinant Factor VIIa for Off-Label Indications vs. Usual Care
- Comparative Effectiveness of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Added to Standard Medical Therapy for Treating Stable Ischemic Heart Disease
Infectious Diseases and HIV/AIDS
- Strategies for Improving the Lives of Women Aged 40 and Above Living With HIV/AIDS
- Early Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Clostridium difficile: Update
- Environmental Cleaning for the Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI)
- Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Measures for Guiding Antibiotic Treatment for Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia
- Oral Mechanical Bowel Preparation for Colorectal Surgery
- Screening for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA): Future Research Needs
- Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adults: Future Research Needs
- Future Research Needs on Procalcitonin-Guided Antibiotic Therapy
- Future Research Needs for Prevention and Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infection
Injury
Mental Health
- First- and Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Children and Young Adults: Systematic Review Update New
- Strategies to Improve Mental Health Care for Children and Adolescents
- Medication-Assisted Treatment Models of Care for Opioid Use Disorder in Primary Care Settings
- Data Linkage Strategies to Advance Youth Suicide Prevention
- Strategies To De-escalate Aggressive Behavior in Psychiatric Patients
- Disparities Within Serious Mental Illness
- Management and Outcomes of Binge-Eating Disorder
- Clinician Summary: Management and Outcomes of Binge-Eating Disorder in Adults: Current State of the Evidence
- Consumer Summary: Treating Binge-Eating Disorder: A Review of Evidence for Adults
- Consumer Summary (Spanish): Tratamiento para el trastorno del apetito desenfrenado: Revisión de la evidencia para adultos New
- Clinician Summary: Management and Outcomes of Binge-Eating Disorder in Adults: Current State of the Evidence
- Nonpharmacological Versus Pharmacological Treatments for Adult Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
- Psychosocial and Pharmacologic Interventions for Disruptive Behavior in Children and Adolescents
- Management Strategies to Reduce Psychiatric Readmissions
- Relationship Between Use of Quality Measures and Improved Outcomes in Serious Mental Illness
- Medication Therapy Management Interventions in Outpatient Settings
- Pharmacotherapy for Adults With Alcohol-Use Disorders in Outpatient Settings
- Clinician Summary: Pharmacotherapy for Adults With Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) in Outpatient Settings
- Consumer Summary: Medicines To Treat Alcohol Use Disorder: A Review of the Research for Adults
- Consumer Summary (Spanish): Medicamentos para tratar el trastorno por consumo de alcohol: Revisión de la investigación para adultos
- Policymaker Summary: Pharmacotherapy for Adults With Alcohol Use Disorder in Outpatient Settings
- Clinician Summary: Pharmacotherapy for Adults With Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) in Outpatient Settings
- Meditation Programs for Psychological Stress and Well-Being
- Interventions for Adult Offenders With Serious Mental Illness
- Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation Programs for Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Adults: Future Research Needs
- First-Generation Versus Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Adults: Comparative Effectiveness
- Multidisciplinary Postacute Rehabilitation for Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Adults
- First- and Second- Generation Antipsychotics for Children and Young Adults
- Future Research Needs for First- and Second- Generation Antipsychotics for Children and Young Adults
- Off-Label Use of Atypical Antipsychotics: An Update
- Nonpharmacologic Interventions for Treatment-Resistant Depression in Adults
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Depression
- Future Research Needs for the Integration of Mental Health/Substance Abuse and Primary Care
Muscle, Bone, and Joint Conditions
- Management of Gout
- Clinician Summary: Diagnosis and Management of Gout: Current State of the Evidence
- Consumer Summary: Managing Gout: A Review of the Research for Adults
- Clinician Summary: Diagnosis and Management of Gout: Current State of the Evidence
- Diagnosis of Gout
- Clinician Summary: Diagnosis and Management of Gout: Current State of the Evidence
- Consumer Summary: Managing Gout: A Review of the Research for Adults
- Clinician Summary: Diagnosis and Management of Gout: Current State of the Evidence
- Treatments for Fibromyalgia in Adult Subgroups
- Medication Therapy Management Interventions in Outpatient Settings
- Physical Therapy for Knee Pain Secondary to Osteoarthritis: Future Research Needs
- Nonoperative and Operative Treatments for Rotator Cuff Tears: Future Research Needs
- Physical Therapy Interventions for Knee Pain Secondary to Osteoarthritis
- Treatment To Prevent Fractures in Men and Women With Low Bone Density or Osteoporosis: Update of a 2007 Report
- Analgesics for Osteoarthritis: An Update of the 2006 Comparative Effectiveness Review
- Pain Management Interventions for Hip Fracture
- Clinician Summary: Pain Management Interventions for Elderly Patients With Hip Fracture
- Consumer Summary: Managing Pain From a Broken Hip: A Guide for Adults and Their Caregivers
- Clinician Summary: Pain Management Interventions for Elderly Patients With Hip Fracture
- Future Research Needs for the Treatment of Common Hip Fractures
- Comparative Effectiveness of Nonoperative and Operative Treatments for Rotator Cuff Tears
Nonclinical Topics
- Patient Safety in Ambulatory Settings
- Telehealth: Mapping the Evidence for Patient Outcomes From Systematic Reviews
- Total Worker Health® (TWH)
- Resident Safety Practices in Nursing Home Settings
- Improving Cultural Competence to Reduce Health Disparities
- Home-Based Primary Care Interventions
- Core Functionality in Pediatric Electronic Health Records
- Public Reporting of Cost Measures in Health
- Decision Aids for Cancer Screening and Treatment
- Decision Aids for Advance Care Planning
- Long-Term Care for Older Adults: Future Research Needs
- Outpatient Case Management for Adults With Medical Illnesses and Complex Care Needs: Future Research Needs
- Outpatient Case Management for Adults With Medical Illness and Complex Care Needs
Obesity
- Strategies To Prevent Weight Gain in Adults: Future Research Needs
- Future Research Needs for Childhood Obesity Prevention Programs
Pediatrics
- Tonsillectomy for Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing or Recurrent Throat Infection in Children
- Genetic Testing for Developmental Disabilities, Intellectual Disability, and Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Treatments for Ankyloglossia and Ankyloglossia with Concomitant Lip-tie
Pregnancy and Childbirth
- Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage
- Clinician Summary: Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage: Current State of the Evidence
- Clinician Summary: Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage: Current State of the Evidence
- Future Research Needs for Strategies To Reduce Cesarean Birth in Low-Risk Women
- Vaginal Birth After Cesarean: Developing and Prioritizing a Future Research Agenda
- Future Research Needs for Outcomes of Weight Gain in Pregnancy
Renal Disease
- Calcineurin Inhibitors for Kidney Transplant
- Management of Renal Masses and Localized Renal Cancer
- Contrast-Induced Nephropathy
- Cardiac Troponins Used as Diagnostic and Prognostic Tests in Patients With Kidney Disease
- Biomarkers for Assessing and Managing Iron Deficiency Anemia in Late-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease: Future Research Needs
Sleep Disorders
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