martes, 31 de mayo de 2016

What's Needed Beyond Vaccines

     
Dear Colleagues,
Measured by the population at risk and economic burden, dengue is the most globally important mosquito-transmitted viral infection. Between 1990 and 2013, the number of cases more than doubled every ten years. One recent estimate indicates 390 million dengue infections per year. And, like its cousins West Nile, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and Zika, the vector-borne flavivirus dengue has spread widely in recent decades.
Before 1970, only nine countries had experienced severe dengue epidemics. Spurred by growing urbanization, mobile populations, and increases in the range of the Aedes aegypti vector due to climate change, an estimated 3.9 billion people in 128 countries are at risk of infection today. The virus is endemic in parts of Africa, the Americas, the Eastern Mediterranean, South-East Asia, and the Western Pacific. WHO reports that in 2015, 2.35 million cases of dengue were reported in the Americas alone, of which 10,200 cases were diagnosed as severe dengue, defined by WHO as exhibiting severe plasma leakage, severe hemorrhage, and/or severe organ impairment. Severe dengue caused 1,181 deaths.
Since the beginning of the 2016, ProMED has published over 85 reports on dengue, each one vetted and analyzed by prominent virologists. Where else can you get this level of news about topics you need to know about? If you appreciate accuracy, reliability, and timeliness, please help keep ProMED-mail streaming into your inbox. Donate now.
The danger of dengue spreading further is high: among travelers returning from low- and middle-income countries, dengue is the second most diagnosed cause of fever after malaria. In 2012, dengue on Madeira, a popular year-round resort with about one million tourists annually, resulted in more than 2,000 cases on the island and additional cases imported to mainland Portugal and ten other countries. Local transmission was reported for the first time in France and Croatia in 2010. An outbreak of dengue in Europe is clearly possible.
Developing a vaccine against dengue has been challenging. With four closely related viruses that can cause the disease, the goal for a vaccine has been to provide protection against all. This task was complicated by limited understanding of how severe dengue occurs, how the virus interacts with the immune system, and how to measure if a person is immune. Nevertheless, the first dengue vaccine was registered in December, 2015 and the WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization has recommended countries consider introduction of the vaccine in geographic settings with high endemicity. Additional vaccine candidates are under evaluation in clinical trials and preclinical studies. Dengue can be prevented by vaccination, but vaccine production is limited - full scale production capacity will reach 100 million vaccine doses annually, but the population at risk approaches 4 billion and global vaccination programs are expensive.
While WHO expects vaccines to be an integrated part of a global dengue prevention and control strategy, the international infectious disease community needs to introduce additional measures to address the epidemic including improved systems for sharing data from entomologic surveillance conducted by vector control units and human disease surveillance conducted by epidemiologists. Information is the strongest defense against infectious disease. Information is what is needed to stop the spread of dengue. Information from surveillance is what's needed to provide the early detection of disease needed to prevent or control outbreaks.
ProMED-mail brings the international infectious disease community that kind of information, every day. With staff locate around the world and active readers in over 200 countries, ProMED is how we stay informed. If ProMED-mail satisfies your need for current information, knowledgeable commentary, and connection with your community, please show that you are part of that community, please give what you can afford, but please give!
Best regards,
Larry Madoff, MD
Editor
P.S. Making a donation online takes less than four minutes. You can use PayPal or credit card and our system is safe and easy. Please donate now, while you're thinking of it!
International Society of Infectious Diseases, 9 Babcock St., Unit 3, Brookline, MA 02446

90 Years and Waiting

     
May 19, 2016
Dear Colleagues,
Yellow fever was detected in Angola late in December 2015 and confirmed by the Institut Pasteur Dakar on 20 Jan 2016. Since then, the disease has spread rapidly: there have been over 2,267 suspected yellow fever cases and close to 300 deaths. Despite vaccination campaigns in the capital and major cities, circulation of the virus persists. A separate outbreak is occurring in rural areas of Uganda, and yellow fever cases imported from Angola have been reported in China and Kenya.
Since the beginning of the year, ProMED has published over 100 reports on these yellow fever outbreaks. Each report vetted and analyzed by prominent virologists. Where else can you get this level of news about topics you need to know about? If you appreciate accuracy, reliability, and timeliness, please help keep ProMED-mail streaming into your inbox.
Once one of the world's most feared epidemic diseases, a safe, effective vaccine was developed in 1937. Mass vaccination campaigns in the mid-20th century brought yellow fever under control for over 40 years. But since the late 1980s, the disease has returned. Yellow fever is now endemic in parts of South America and Africa, causing as many as 170,000 infections and at least 60,000 deaths annually. The Yellow Fever Initiative, undertaken by WHO, UNICEF, and the GAVI Alliance, launched in 2006 aiming to dramatically reduce the risk of yellow fever outbreaks in 12 endemic countries in Africa through the vaccination of 48 million people and increases in the amount of vaccine produced and stockpiled each year.
The number of yellow fever cases has been decreasing over the past 10 years since the launch of the initiative, but today the world's annual vaccine production of just over 40 million doses may not be sufficient to replenish emergency stockpiles and contain outbreaks if yellow fever follows the same path as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, also spread by Aedes mosquitoes. In South America, urban outbreaks of the disease are almost unheard of; yellow fever has never previously taken hold in Asia. But if yellow fever spreads to the crowded cities of countries like Brazil or infects China, the shortfall of available vaccine will be catastrophic. We have the effective prevention; when will we have the effective plan to produce and administer it?
Information is the strongest defense against infectious disease. ProMED-mail keeps the international infectious disease community up-to-date, every day. With staff located around the world and active readers in over 200 countries, ProMED is how we stay informed. ProMED feeds our need to know. If ProMED-mail satisfies your need for current, reliable information, knowledgeable commentary, and connection with your community, please show that you are part of that community, please give what you can afford, but please give!
Best regards,
Larry Madoff, MD
Editor
P.S. Making a donation online takes less than four minutes. It's safe and easy using PayPal or credit card. Please donate now, while you're thinking of it!

SALUD EQUITATIVA: DIRECTORIO DE DOCUMENTOS EDITADOS EN MAYO de 2016 [*] ▲ SALUD EQUITATIVA - GESTIÓN EN SALUD PÚBLICA ► Contenidos Copyright by Cerasale Morteo, Víctor Norberto, 2008 a 2016. SALTA / ARGENTINA.

SALUD EQUITATIVA: DIRECTORIO DE DOCUMENTOS EDITADOS EN MAYO de 2016 [*]  SALUD EQUITATIVA - GESTIÓN EN SALUD PÚBLICA  Contenidos Copyright by Cerasale Morteo, Víctor Norberto, 2008 a 2016. SALTA / ARGENTINA.

Contenidos Copyright by Cerasale Morteo, Víctor Norberto. Salta, Argentina. 2008 a 2016. 

MARTES 31 de MAYO de 2016
SALUD EQUITATIVA: GESTIÓN EN SALUD PÚBLICA
DIRECTORIO DE DOCUMENTOS EDITADOS EN MAYO de 2016[*]


SALUD EQUITATIVA - 
GESTIÓN EN SALUD PÚBLICA
Lectores ► ¡16.138.779! y sumando

visitas registradas por Google+ 493,5 MILLONES!!!

SALUD EQUITATIVA

GESTIÓN EN SALUD PÚBLICA

OCTAVO AÑO

GRUPO DE BLOG´S SALUD EQUITATIVA

GESTIÓN EN SALUD PÚBLICA
CIENCIAS DE LA HERENCIA
CIENCIAS MÉDICAS NEWS


Contador Google ►
LECTORES acumulados desde enero 2009 a la fecha:  3.546.365
LECTORES totales conjuntos (todos los blogs: [5]): 16.138.779
Páginas consultadas desde el inicio de los blogs (3): > 358,9 millones

Páginas vistas por países

Gráfico de los países más populares entre los lectores del blog
EntradaPáginas vistas
Estados Unidos
1.272.001
Alemania
507.927
España
347.059
Francia
295.789
Argentina
126.697
Rusia
107.108
Ucrania
70.735
México
57.826
Colombia
30.294
Reino Unido
29.543



Documentos EDITADOS durante el mes de MAYO de 2016: 1.089+

Documentos acumulados en 2016: 5.271+
Documentos editados desde el inicio del blog (2008/2016): 63.350+
▲ Google indica ►
Páginas vistas en el último mes: 73.351
Universo de páginas visitadas en el último mes (MAYO 2016): 260.464
Páginas vistas (historial completo):  3.546.365
Documentos totales editados en los blog´s ► 218.851+

[Muchas GRACIAS! a todo el universo de habla hispana y de habla no hispana que nos confían sus consultas] MUCHAS GRACIAS a TODAS nuestras fuentes por apoyarnos permitiéndonos difundir ciencia genuina. Estamos demostrando, día tras día, que la salud importa y que es prioridad de las personas... no así de los estados políticos.

Archivo del blog

NUESTRA SEÑORA DE LA MEDALLA MILAGROSA

NUESTRA SEÑORA DE LA MEDALLA MILAGROSA
Gracias por las tuyas concedidas