- 04 May 2017 HIV - USA: (AZ) CRISPR
- 04 May 2017 Crimean-Congo hem. fever - Turkey: vaccine development
- 04 May 2017 Pantoea leaf blight, rice - Togo, Benin: 1st reps
- 04 May 2017 HIV - UK: (England) nosocomial risk, alert
- 04 May 2017 Porcine reprod. & resp. syndrome - India: (MZ)
- 03 May 2017 Undiagnosed disease - Liberia (06): (SI,MO) fatal
- 03 May 2017 Yellow fever - Americas (44): PAHO/WHO
- 03 May 2017 Die-off, farmed shrimp - Bangladesh: (KU) RFI
- 03 May 2017 Cholera, diarrhea & dysentery update (18): Americas (Haiti)
- 03 May 2017 Yellow fever - Americas (43): Brazil, monkey
- 03 May 2017 Hepatitis B & C - Pakistan: (Sindh)
- 03 May 2017 Dengue/DHF update (04): Americas
- 02 May 2017 Leishmaniasis, visceral - Colombia: (HU) alert
- 02 May 2017 Malaria - Angola
- 02 May 2017 Angiostrongylus cantonensis - USA (02): (HI)
- 02 May 2017 Tick-borne relapsing fever - USA: (TX) 2015
- 02 May 2017 African swine fever - Zambia (02): comment
- 02 May 2017 Toxic caterpillar - UK: (England)
- 02 May 2017 Asian greening, citrus - Mexico: (OA)
- 02 May 2017 Leptospirosis - Dominican Republic: fatal, cases rise
- 02 May 2017 Mumps (17): USA
- 02 May 2017 Hepatitis A - EU (02): MSM, clusters
- 02 May 2017 Undiagnosed disease - Liberia (05): (SI,MO) fatal
- 01 May 2017 Spring viremia of carp - UK: (England)
- 01 May 2017 Brucellosis, neotomae - Costa Rica
- 01 May 2017 Zika virus (08): Americas, Asia, research, observations
- 01 May 2017 Undiagnosed disease - Liberia (04): (SI) fatal MoH/WHO
- 01 May 2017 Foodborne illness - USA (02): CDC, 2013-2016
- 30 Apr 2017 Typhoid fever - Kenya: H58 haplotype, antimicrobial resistance
- 30 Apr 2017 Rocky Mountain spotted fever - Panama: fatalities
- 30 Apr 2017 Rocky Mountain spotted fever - Mexico: (CH) fatalities
- 30 Apr 2017 Candida auris - USA (03): (NY) fatality
- 30 Apr 2017 Hepatitis C - USA (05): (MN) injection drug use
- 30 Apr 2017 Wohlfahrtiimonas bacteremia - USA: (WA) myiasis
- 30 Apr 2017 Measles update (24)
- 30 Apr 2017 Poliomyelitis update (04): fractional IPV
- 29 Apr 2017 Zika virus (07): Americas, PAHO/WHO
- 29 Apr 2017 Hepatitis A - UK: (Scotland) bakery
- 29 Apr 2017 Powassan virus encephalitis - USA (02): (ME)
- 29 Apr 2017 Unpasteurized dairy - USA: infection risk, 2009-2014
- 29 Apr 2017 Avian influenza, human (48): China, H7N9
- 29 Apr 2017 Botulism - USA (04): (CA) deer antler tea
- 29 Apr 2017 Antibiotic resistance - USA: (CA) MDR-Acinetobacter, bacteriophage therapy
- 29 Apr 2017 Candida auris - USA (02): (IL, NY)
- 29 Apr 2017 Tularemia - USA (03): increased northern spread, 1965-2013
- 29 Apr 2017 Undiagnosed disease - Liberia (03): (SI) fatal
- 29 Apr 2017 Pentobarbital, dog food - USA (04): recall
- 29 Apr 2017 Chikungunya (13): Asia (Pakistan)
- 28 Apr 2017 Dermatobia hominis - China ex Brazil: returning tourist
- 28 Apr 2017 Foot & mouth disease - Tunisia: (BZ) bovine, serotype A, OIE
- 28 Apr 2017 Yellow fever - Americas (42): USA vaccine
- 28 Apr 2017 MERS-CoV (25): Saudi Arabia, Qatar, WHO
- 28 Apr 2017 Diphtheria - New Zealand: (OT) NOT, corr
- 28 Apr 2017 Hepatitis C - USA (04): (MA) injecting drug use
- 28 Apr 2017 Tetanus - Australia (02): (SA) child
- 28 Apr 2017 Cholera, diarrhea & dysentery update (17): Americas (Haiti)
- 28 Apr 2017 Avian influenza (95): Turkey (TT) poultry, HPAI susp, RFI
- 28 Apr 2017 Brown recluse spider - USA: (MI) nonstandard location
- 28 Apr 2017 Lumpy skin disease - Europe (03): bovine, data collection & analysis, vaccination
- 28 Apr 2017 Foodborne illness - France: (ND) schoolchildren
- 28 Apr 2017 Diphtheria - India (02): (KL) fatality, commentaries
- 28 Apr 2017 Hepatitis - Syria: (DR) RFI
- 28 Apr 2017 Ebola update (16): news, research, vaccines, funding
- 28 Apr 2017 Bovine tuberculosis - USA (08): (MI)
- 28 Apr 2017 Blast disease, rice - Bangladesh
- 28 Apr 2017 African swine fever - Zambia: (NR) OIE, RFI
- 27 Apr 2017 Diphtheria - New Zealand: (OT)
- 27 Apr 2017 Monkeypox - Sierra Leone: (SO)
- 27 Apr 2017 Undiagnosed disease - Liberia (02): (SI) fatal
- 27 Apr 2017 E. coli EHEC - Canada (09): O121, flour, further recalls
- 27 Apr 2017 Anthrax - Burkina Faso: (HB) bovine, OIE
- 27 Apr 2017 Botulism - USA (03): (TX) wound, drug-related, 2005-2015
- 27 Apr 2017 Angiostrongylus cantonensis - France: (Paris)
- 27 Apr 2017 Anthrax - Russia (02): (YN) reindeer microchip & vaccination
- 27 Apr 2017 Legionellosis - China: Hong Kong ex Macao, hotel, RFI
- 27 Apr 2017 Cytauxzoonosis, feline - USA: (OK)
- 26 Apr 2017 Hantavirus - Americas (29): Chile (LL) fatal
- 26 Apr 2017 Pythiosis - USA (OK): canine
- 26 Apr 2017 Undiagnosed disease - Liberia: (SI) fatal, RFI
- 26 Apr 2017 Avian influenza (94): Europe (Sweden), HPAI H5N8, poultry
- 26 Apr 2017 Hepatitis E - Australia: 1st postransfusion case, zoonotic
- 26 Apr 2017 Hepatitis E - Niger (02): (DF) fatalities, IDP
- 26 Apr 2017 Yellow fever - Americas (41): PAHO/WHO
- 26 Apr 2017 Measles update (23)
- 26 Apr 2017 Hepatitis - Iraq: (AN), RFI
- 26 Apr 2017 Kyasanur Forest disease - India (08): (GA)
- 26 Apr 2017 Herpes simplex type 1, genital - USA (03): (NYC) circumcision, editorial
- 25 Apr 2017 Malaria vaccine trial RTS,S - Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, WHO
- 25 Apr 2017 Cholera, diarrhea & dysentery update (16): Africa (Horn of Africa)
- 25 Apr 2017 Foot & mouth disease - Algeria (07): (TO) bov, st A, new strain, spread susp
- 25 Apr 2017 Shigellosis - India: (TG) increasing fluoroquinolone resistance
- 25 Apr 2017 Undiagnosed die-off, fish - USA: (TN, KY) Asian carp, RFI
- 25 Apr 2017 Crimean-Congo hem. fever - Spain: (EX) detection in ticks
- 25 Apr 2017 MERS-CoV (24): UAE (AZ), Saudi Arabia (RI), WHO
- 25 Apr 2017 Salmonellosis, serotype 11:z41:e,n,z15 - Europe: poss. sesame seed source
- 25 Apr 2017 Salmonellosis - USA (02): (MO) restaurant link
- 24 Apr 2017 Avian influenza (93): Iran (MN) HPAI H5N1, poultry, OIE
- 24 Apr 2017 Foot & mouth disease - China (02): (XJ) st. O, bovine, spread, OIE
- 24 Apr 2017 Hantavirus - Americas (28): Chile (LL) NOT
- 24 Apr 2017 Infant botulism - USA (02): (CA) possible dust exposures, commentary
- 24 Apr 2017 Hepatitis A - India: (KL)
- 24 Apr 2017 Rat bites - Nepal: (Kathmandu)
- 24 Apr 2017 E. coli EHEC - Canada (08): O121, flour
- 24 Apr 2017 Avian influenza, human (47): CHINA, H7N9, WHO
- 24 Apr 2017 Psittacosis - Japan: fatalities, pregnancy, 2016
- 24 Apr 2017 Chytrid fungus, zebra fish: experimental infection
- 24 Apr 2017 Announcements (02): plant material & seed exchange, new global IPPC guidelines
- 24 Apr 2017 Undiagnosed fungus, rice - Bangladesh: (RP)
- 24 Apr 2017 Crimean-Congo hem. fever - Pakistan (04): (BA)
- 24 Apr 2017 Tuberculosis, elephant - USA: (OR) RFI
- 23 Apr 2017 Cholera, diarrhea & dysentery update (15): Africa, Asia
- 23 Apr 2017 Avian influenza, human (46): WHO, human-animal interface
- 23 Apr 2017 Diphtheria - India: (KL): fatality
- 23 Apr 2017 Hepatitis E - Niger: fatalities
- 23 Apr 2017 Hepatitis E - Europe: blood donation screening
- 23 Apr 2017 Tularemia - USA (02): (CO) wild rabbit
- 23 Apr 2017 Hendra virus, equine - Australia (03): (QL) vaccine not mandatory
- 23 Apr 2017 Mumps update (16): USA (TX, MN)
- 23 Apr 2017 Yellow fever - Americas (40): Brazil (RJ)
- 22 Apr 2017 Hantavirus - Americas (27): Chile (LL), susp.
- 22 Apr 2017 E. coli EHEC - USA (09): (AR) fatality, unrelated cases
- 22 Apr 2017 Foot & mouth disease - Algeria (06): (SF) bov, st SAT1 NOT, st A, new strain, OIE
- 22 Apr 2017 Legionellosis - USA (03): (FL) spa & showers susp, RFI
- 22 Apr 2017 Avian influenza, human (45): China, H7N9
- 21 Apr 2017 Measles update (22)
- 21 Apr 2017 Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia - Zambia: (SO) OIE
- 21 Apr 2017 MERS-CoV (23): Saudi Arabia (AS) animal reservoir, human contact, OIE, RFI
- 21 Apr 2017 Hepatitis B & C - global: WHO update
- 21 Apr 2017 E. coli EHEC - USA (08): (AR) fatality, RFI
- 21 Apr 2017 Waterfowl die-off - USA: (MT) heavy metal and sulfuric acid
- 21 Apr 2017 Anthrax - Zimbabwe (03): (MN) wildlife, human death
- 21 Apr 2017 Amebic meningoencephalitis, primary - Pakistan: (SD) fatal
- 21 Apr 2017 Brucellosis, swine - USA: (TX) feral swine study results
- 21 Apr 2017 Bovine tuberculosis - USA (07): (MI,SD)
- 21 Apr 2017 Toxic algae - UK (02): (Wales, England) alert
- 21 Apr 2017 Infectious laryngotracheitis - Canada: (ON) poultry, alert
- 21 Apr 2017 Japanese encephalitis & other - India (03): (PB)
- 20 Apr 2017 Shigellosis - USA: CDC recommendations regarding fluoroquinolones
- 20 Apr 2017 Powassan virus encephalitis - USA: (CT)
- 20 Apr 2017 Anthrax - Zimbabwe (02): (MN) wildlife, human
- 20 Apr 2017 Scombroid fish poisoning - USA: imported fish ex Viet Nam, risk
- 20 Apr 2017 Botulism - USA (02): (CA) satay, risk, recall
- 20 Apr 2017 Infant botulism - USA: (CA) possible dust exposures
- 20 Apr 2017 Norovirus - USA (03): (WI) fast food restaurant
- 20 Apr 2017 Rabies (20): Asia (Pakistan) animal, human
- 20 Apr 2017 Crimean-Congo hem. fever - Pakistan (03): (PB)
- 20 Apr 2017 Chikungunya (12): Asia (Pakistan)
- 20 Apr 2017 Leafroll disease, grapevine - China: (NX)
- 20 Apr 2017 Yellow fever - Americas (39): PAHO/WHO, Brazil
- 20 Apr 2017 Undiagnosed virus, watermelon - India: (TN)
- 19 Apr 2017 Tick-borne encephalitis - Netherlands (02): (OV)
- 19 Apr 2017 Waterborne diseases - WHO global update
- 19 Apr 2017 Salmonellosis - USA: (MO)
- 19 Apr 2017 Foot & mouth disease - Algeria (05): (SF) bovine, control, regional alerts
- 19 Apr 2017 Brucellosis - Kenya: false positive serologies
- 19 Apr 2017 Plague, animal - USA (04): (NM) feral cat, alert
- 19 Apr 2017 Measles update (21)
- 19 Apr 2017 Anthrax - Kenya: (LK) wildlife, NOT, RFI
- 18 Apr 2017 Anthrax, human, livestock - Argentina: 2016
- 18 Apr 2017 Bat Lyssavirus - Taiwan
- 18 Apr 2017 Salmonellosis - Peru: (AR) chicken barbeque
- 18 Apr 2017 Leishmaniasis - Spain: (MD) rabbit reservoir
- 18 Apr 2017 Human enterovirus - Taiwan: alert
- 18 Apr 2017 Cholera, diarrhea & dysentery update (14): Americas, Asia
- 18 Apr 2017 Malaria, autochthonous - Brazil: (RJ)
- 17 Apr 2017 Avian influenza (92): Europe (France) HPAI H5N8, poultry, international trade
- 17 Apr 2017 Meningitis, meningococcal - Nigeria (06): (NI) fatal, sg. A, B and C
- 17 Apr 2017 Tick-bite fever - Nepal: (DO) eschar, hard-bodied tick
- 17 Apr 2017 Avian influenza, human (44): China, H7N9, updates, pandemic potential
- 17 Apr 2017 White nose syndrome, bats - North America (05): (MO) bat population decline
- 17 Apr 2017 Legionellosis - France: (LP) fatal, recurrence
- 17 Apr 2017 Foodborne illness - India (02): (BR) RFI
- 17 Apr 2017 Cholera, diarrhea & dysentery update (13): Asia
- 16 Apr 2017 Ebola update (15): news, research, vaccine
- 16 Apr 2017 Q fever - Germany: (RP) sheep cell therapy, 2014
- 16 Apr 2017 Zika virus (06): Americas, Pacific, Asia, Africa, research
- 16 Apr 2017 Cholera, diarrhea & dysentery update (12): Africa
- 16 Apr 2017 Hantavirus - Americas (26): Chile (LL)
- 16 Apr 2017 Poisoning, belladonna - USA (03): homeopathic teething product recall
- 16 Apr 2017 Chronic wasting disease, cervid - Norway (02): reindeer herd slaughter
- 15 Apr 2017 Undiagnosed disease - Congo DR: (NK) fatal, RFI
- 15 Apr 2017 Foodborne illness - Colombia: (BL) inmates, RFI
- 15 Apr 2017 MERS-CoV (22): UAE (AZ), Saudi Arabia (RI,MK) Qatar, RFI
- 15 Apr 2017 Hemorrhagic septicemia - Israel (02): (HZ) bovine, OIE
- 15 Apr 2017 Turmeric infusion - USA (CA): fatal
- 15 Apr 2017 Measles update (20)
- 15 Apr 2017 Chronic wasting disease, cervid - Norway: reindeer herd slaughter
- 15 Apr 2017 Brucellosis, livestock, human - Kazakhstan: (WK) RFI
- 14 Apr 2017 Typhoid fever - Tonga
- 14 Apr 2017 E. coli EHEC - Canada (07): O121, flour, wider recall
- 14 Apr 2017 Pertussis (02): USA, maternal immunization
- 14 Apr 2017 E. coli EHEC - USA (07): (MA) O157, restaurant chain, RFI
- 14 Apr 2017 American foulbrood, apis - USA (02): (HI)
- 14 Apr 2017 Palm oil, toxic - UK: (England) canine deaths, alert
- 14 Apr 2017 Avian influenza (91): Europe (Finland) Africa (Niger) H5N8, wild, poultry, OIE
- 13 Apr 2017 Rabies (19): Asia (Taiwan) animal, human exposure, clarification
- 13 Apr 2017 Yellow fever - Africa: Congo DR, vaccine reactions
- 13 Apr 2017 Avian influenza (90): China (Hong Kong) wildbird, HPAI H5N6, OIE
- 13 Apr 2017 Anthrax - Zimbabwe: (MN) wildlife
- 13 Apr 2017 Typhoid fever - New Zealand (03): (AU) church community
- 13 Apr 2017 Conjunctivitis - Mexico: (TM)
- 13 Apr 2017 Legionellosis - Australia: (VI)
- 13 Apr 2017 Usutu virus - Europe (03): Germany (NW) blood donor
- 13 Apr 2017 Feline immunodeficiency virus - Canada: (BC) alert
- 13 Apr 2017 Measles update (19)
- 13 Apr 2017 Influenza (10): WHO global update
- 13 Apr 2017 Cercospora leaf spot, sugar beet - UK: strobilurin resistance
- 13 Apr 2017 Stripe rust, durum wheat - Mexico: new strain
- 13 Apr 2017 Japanese encephalitis and yellow fever - Africa: Angola (CU)
- 12 Apr 2017 Lassa fever - West Africa (16): Nigeria (BA)
- 12 Apr 2017 Malaria - Botswana
- 12 Apr 2017 Candida auris - Panama: (Panama City) nosocomial
- 12 Apr 2017 Anthrax - Philippines (03): (AB) human, bovine, not confirmed
- 12 Apr 2017 Melioidosis - Australia (04): (NT)
- 12 Apr 2017 Rabies (18): Asia (Taiwan, Kyrgyzstan) animal, human
- 12 Apr 2017 Avian influenza, human (43): China, H7N9
- 12 Apr 2017 Plague, animal - USA (03): (NM) feline, canine
- 12 Apr 2017 Yellow fever - Americas (38): PAHO/WHO, Brazil
- 12 Apr 2017 Avian influenza (89): Bangladesh (DH) crow, HPAI H5, OIE
- 11 Apr 2017 Eastern equine encephalitis - Suriname: (WA,PR) 1st rep, OIE
- 11 Apr 2017 Podoconiosis - Uganda: not filariasis
- 11 Apr 2017 Coral reef kill - Australia: (Great Barrier Reef)
- 11 Apr 2017 Foot & mouth disease - Algeria (04): (SF) bov, st SAT1, new, OIE, st A geno G-IV
- 11 Apr 2017 Infant botulism - Japan: (Tokyo) honey, fatal
- 11 Apr 2017 Anthrax - France: (HM) bovine
- 10 Apr 2017 Canine distemper, wildlife - USA (03): (TN) raccoon, susp
- 10 Apr 2017 Meningitis - Nigeria: (LA) not meningococcal
- 10 Apr 2017 Ebola update (14): news, research, vaccine
- 10 Apr 2017 Hepatitis A - USA (03): (OR) food workers
- 10 Apr 2017 Food contamination, bat - USA: (FL) salad, recall, rabies vacc advised
- 09 Apr 2017 Campylobacteriosis - Sweden: chicken source
- 09 Apr 2017 Avian influenza, human (42): China, H7N9
- 09 Apr 2017 Varicella - Pakistan: (Faisalabad)
- 09 Apr 2017 Food poisoning, undiagnosed fatalities - South Africa: RFI
- 08 Apr 2017 Mumps update (15): New Zealand, USA
- 08 Apr 2017 Hepatitis A - USA (02): (CA) fatalities
- 08 Apr 2017 Ciguatera fish poisoning - China: (HK) susp.
- 08 Apr 2017 Leishmaniasis - Pakistan: treatment program
- 08 Apr 2017 Yellow fever - Americas (37): PAHO/WHO
- 08 Apr 2017 Foot & mouth disease - Algeria (03): (MD, BB) bovine, spread, OIE
- 08 Apr 2017 Hantavirus - Americas (25): Chile (LL), USA (NM)
- 08 Apr 2017 New in IJID (04): April 2017
- 08 Apr 2017 Measles update (18)
- 08 Apr 2017 Kyasanur Forest disease - India (07): (GA), new cases
- 07 Apr 2017 Lead poisoning - USA (02): (HI) children
- 07 Apr 2017 Foodborne illness - Cambodia: (BA) soy milk, RFI
- 07 Apr 2017 Toxoplasmosis - Serbia: horse meat
- 07 Apr 2017 Angiostrongylus cantonensis - USA: (HI)
- 07 Apr 2017 White nose syndrome, bats - North America (04): (SC) new counties
- 07 Apr 2017 Guava rust, myrtaceous hosts - New Zealand: 1st rep (Kermadec Islands)
- 07 Apr 2017 Meningitis, meningococcal - Nigeria (05): (CR) fatal
- 07 Apr 2017 Meningitis - Ghana: (AH) fatal, high school students, RFI
- 07 Apr 2017 Announcements (01): OIE - WAHIS online survey
- 06 Apr 2017 Xylella, ornamental hosts - Czech & Slovak Republics ex Spain, susp.
- 06 Apr 2017 Chemical weapons - Syria (05): nerve gas confirmation
- 06 Apr 2017 Anthrax - Philippines (02): (AB) human, bovine, RFI
- 06 Apr 2017 E. coli EHEC - Canada (06): O121, flour, expanded recall
- 06 Apr 2017 Infectious pancreatic necrosis, fish - Norway: corr, salmon pancreas disease susp
- 06 Apr 2017 Streptococcus, group A - Canada (02): (ON) fatal, homeless shelter, emm74, clonal
- 06 Apr 2017 Hantavirus - Americas (24): USA (WA) susp
- 06 Apr 2017 Avian influenza, human (41): China, H7N9, WHO
- 06 Apr 2017 Hepatitis C - India: (PB)
- 06 Apr 2017 Syphilis - USA (02): (OK) increasing cases, RFI
- 05 Apr 2017 Equine herpesvirus - North America (14): USA (MD, NJ) equine
- 05 Apr 2017 Chemical weapons - Syria (04): sarin gas
- 05 Apr 2017 Leishmaniasis, visceral - Cameroun: (EN, NO)
- 05 Apr 2017 Hepatitis C - USA (03): (NH) injection drug use
- 05 Apr 2017 E. coli EHEC - USA (06): O157, soynut butter
- 05 Apr 2017 Salmonellosis - Australia: (VI) raw eggs
- 05 Apr 2017 Syphilis, gonococcal dis, chlamydia - USA (02): (CA) coll. stu., incr. rate, RFI
- 05 Apr 2017 Rabies (17): Asia (India) bat
- 05 Apr 2017 Typhoid fever - New Zealand (02): (AU) church community
- 05 Apr 2017 MERS-CoV (21): Egypt, animal reservoir, camel, ex Sudan, control, RFI
- 05 Apr 2017 Measles update (17)
- 05 Apr 2017 Chikungunya (11): Asia (Pakistan)
- 04 Apr 2017 Ionophore intoxication, swine - Israel: salinomycin, maduramicin
- 04 Apr 2017 Lassa fever - West Africa (15): Nigeria (KO)
- 04 Apr 2017 Monkeypox - Republic of Congo (02)
- 04 Apr 2017 Chemical weapons - Syria (03): sarin gas
- 04 Apr 2017 Rift Valley fever - Niger: livestock, human, risk assessment, FAO
- 04 Apr 2017 Foot & mouth disease - Israel (04): (HD) bovine, st. O, topotype EA-3
- 04 Apr 2017 Anthrax - Australia (08): (VI) ovine, more information
- 04 Apr 2017 MERS-CoV (20): Qatar, Saudi Arabia, WHO
- 04 Apr 2017 Avian influenza (88): USA (KY) poultry, LPAI H7N9
Published Date: 2017-05-04 12:11:52
Subject: PRO/EDR> HIV - USA: (AZ) CRISPR
Archive Number: 20170504.5010676
Subject: PRO/EDR> HIV - USA: (AZ) CRISPR
Archive Number: 20170504.5010676
HIV - USA: (ARIZONA) CRISPR
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A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org
Date: Mon 1 May 2017 4:26 AM MST
Source: ABC15 Arizona [edited]
http://www.abc15.com/news/state/arizona-seeing-an-increase-in-hiv-cases
Arizona is dealing with a spike in HIV cases, according to the latest national numbers and local prevention groups. "This is a public health issue that we now have the resources to completely prevent," said Glen Spencer, executive director of Aunt Rita's Foundation in Phoenix.
Between 2010 and 2015, the rate of HIV infections nationwide decreased 9 per cent, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. In the same time period, the infection rate in Arizona increased 35 per cent, Spencer's data shows. "Right now there are some limitations in state law that put up barriers to young kids getting education -- comprehensive sex education in school," he said.
Since 1991, state law has prohibited schools from teachings that promote "a homosexual lifestyle" or suggest that safe-sex methods are safe, or safer, for homosexual sex. A bill that would've changed that was voted down last year [2016] by state legislators.
"There's still a perception that talking honestly about HIV and HIV transmission somehow is a bad thing," he said. Spencer is also pushing for increased awareness of PrEP [pre-exposure prophylaxis], a once-a-day drug that greatly decreases the risk of HIV infection.
[byline: John Genovese]
--
communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[This upswing in HIV infection is implied to be primarily in the MSM (men who have sex with men) community and state laws seem to have thwarted education efforts in this regard. The availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy has made overwhelmingly differences in the morbidity and mortality of HIV infection but requires, at this point, life-long therapy to control. Education regarding safe sex practices in both homosexual and heterosexual situations and the availability of pre-exposure prophylaxis therapy should directly affect this increase in cases. Infected bisexual males represent a reservoir to infect women as well.
Whether life-long therapy will always be required continues to be investigated.
One approach, studied in a simian model uses monoclonal antibodies and a human trial is being organized: dual antibody treatment suppresses HIV-like virus in monkeys https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/dual-antibody-treatment-suppresses-hiv-virus-monkeys/:
"HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, attacks the body's immune system. This assault leaves people vulnerable to developing other infections and diseases. Although treatments can control HIV infection, HIV persists in the body for a lifetime.
"Researchers have isolated many human antibodies that neutralize multiple strains of HIV. Scientists have gained important insights into how these broadly neutralizing antibodies bind to the virus and why they're effective. However, designing a strategy that allows the human immune system to mount an effective attack against the virus remains a challenge.
"A team led by Dr Malcolm A Martin at NIH's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and Dr Michel C Nussenzweig at Rockefeller University has been exploring therapeutic approaches using broadly neutralizing antibodies. Their latest study, in rhesus macaques, appeared online on 13 Mar 2017, in Nature (Nishimura Y, Gautam R, Chun TW, et al. Early antibody therapy can induce long-lasting immunity to SHIV. Nature. 2017. doi: 10.1038/nature21435. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 28289286; http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v543/n7646/full/nature21435.html).
"The researchers inoculated 13 monkeys with SHIV, an HIV-like virus that infects monkeys. 3 days afterward, when infection could first be confirmed, the scientists began intravenous infusions of 2 potent, broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies. The antibodies, called 3BNC117 and 10-1074, each bind to a different site on SHIV. The animals received 3 antibody infusions over a 2-week period. The infusions suppressed SHIV to levels near or below the limit of standard detection methods for as long as 6 months. The virus then rebounded in all but one animal. However, 5 to 22 months later, the immune systems of 6 monkeys regained control of the virus, and the virus remained undetectable for another 5 to 13 months. These monkeys had continuously maintained healthy levels of key immune cells after receiving the antibody infusions. 4 other monkeys that failed to regain complete control of the virus maintained extremely low levels of SHIV in their blood for 2-3 years after infection. Thus, 10 of the 13 monkeys gained lasting benefits from the neutralizing HIV antibodies.
"Immune cells called CD8+ T cells help destroy infected cells. To test whether these immune cells played a role in the extended control of SHIV, the scientists depleted CD8+ T cells in the 6 controller monkeys. Without these immune cells, SHIV levels in the monkeys' blood rose, showing that CD8+ T cells were responsible for controlling SHIV after the antibody infusions.
"What really surprised us was that we could control SHIV for 2 to 3 years without any anti-viral drugs by infusing the antibodies right after the animals became infected," Martin says.
"Studies are now under way to test whether receiving neutralizing antibodies 2 to 6 weeks after infection -- timing that more closely resembles how soon an HIV-infected person first seeks medical attention -- will still enable monkeys to control SHIV. Clinical trials testing the antibody combination in people are also underway. Researchers are now recruiting HIV-infected and uninfected adults."
Another approach involves the CRISPR [clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats] system to extract the integrated HIV provirus from the genome of infected individuals (http://www.philly.com/philly/health/health-news/Temple-uses-gene-editing-to-eliminate-HIV-infection-in-mice.html):
"Temple University researchers on [Mon 1 May 2017] said they had used a gene-editing technique to snip out HIV DNA from the genetic code of mice, bolstering the hope that the infection can be cured.
"The work, done with University of Pittsburgh scientists and published in the journal Molecular Therapy, builds on several years of Temple experiments that initially showed the AIDS virus could be cut from cells in lab dishes. A permanent cure for HIV has been elusive because the virus can maintain a simmering reservoir of infection in certain cells. Antiviral drugs suppress replication so that only a tiny minority of immune cells have the infection, but if the drugs are stopped, the latent virus can break out and resume its destructive course.
"The new study is the 1st to demonstrate that HIV replication can be shut down and the virus eliminated from animal cells by using the gene editing technology, called CRISPR/Cas 9. It combines a synthetic "guide RNA" -- a genetic analogue of the search function in a word processor -- with an enzyme that acts like a molecular scissors.
"The study, co-led by Kamel Khalili, director of Temple's center for neurovirology, successfully used the gene editing strategy in 2 mouse models -- one representing a newly acquired infection, when the virus is actively replicating, the other representing chronic, or latent, infection. The next step would be to repeat the study in primates such as monkeys, because they more closely mimic human HIV infection, Khalili said in a news release.
"CRISPR technology is barely 6 years old and has not been used in humans. Last year [2016], a federal advisory panel approved a University of Pennsylvania proposal to use CRISPR to engineer immune cells to fight certain types of cancer, but the trial must still be approved by the FDA."
[byline: Marie McCullough]
One of the group's papers is:
Chaoran Y, Zhang T, Qu X, et al. In vivo excision of HIV-1 provirus by saCas9 and multiplex single-guide RNAs in animal models. Molecular Therapy 2017; pii: S1525-0016(17)30110-7; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.03.012.
Abstract
--------
"CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated genome editing provides a promising cure for HIV-1/AIDS; however, gene delivery efficiency in vivo remains an obstacle to overcome. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of excising the HIV-1 provirus in 3 different animal models using an all-in-one adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector to deliver multiplex single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) plus _Staphylococcus aureus_ Cas9 (saCas9). The quadruplex sgRNAs/saCas9 vector outperformed the duplex vector in excising the integrated HIV-1 genome in cultured neural stem/progenitor cells from HIV-1 Tg26 transgenic mice. Intravenously injected quadruplex sgRNAs/saCas9 AAV-DJ/8 excised HIV-1 proviral DNA and significantly reduced viral RNA expression in several organs/tissues of Tg26 mice. In EcoHIV acutely infected mice, intravenously injected quadruplex sgRNAs/saCas9 AAV-DJ/8 reduced systemic EcoHIV infection, as determined by live bioluminescence imaging. Additionally, this quadruplex vector induced efficient proviral excision, as determined by PCR genotyping in the liver, lungs, brain, and spleen. Finally, in humanized bone marrow/liver/thymus (BLT) mice with chronic HIV-1 infection, successful proviral excision was detected by PCR genotyping in the spleen, lungs, heart, colon, and brain after a single intravenous injection of quadruplex sgRNAs/saCas9 AAV-DJ/8. In conclusion, in vivo excision of HIV-1 proviral DNA by sgRNAs/saCas9 in solid tissues/organs can be achieved via AAV delivery, a significant step toward human clinical trials."
- Mod.LL
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail map can be accessed at: http://healthmap.org/promed/p/207.]
***************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org
Date: Mon 1 May 2017 4:26 AM MST
Source: ABC15 Arizona [edited]
http://www.abc15.com/news/state/arizona-seeing-an-increase-in-hiv-cases
Arizona is dealing with a spike in HIV cases, according to the latest national numbers and local prevention groups. "This is a public health issue that we now have the resources to completely prevent," said Glen Spencer, executive director of Aunt Rita's Foundation in Phoenix.
Between 2010 and 2015, the rate of HIV infections nationwide decreased 9 per cent, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. In the same time period, the infection rate in Arizona increased 35 per cent, Spencer's data shows. "Right now there are some limitations in state law that put up barriers to young kids getting education -- comprehensive sex education in school," he said.
Since 1991, state law has prohibited schools from teachings that promote "a homosexual lifestyle" or suggest that safe-sex methods are safe, or safer, for homosexual sex. A bill that would've changed that was voted down last year [2016] by state legislators.
"There's still a perception that talking honestly about HIV and HIV transmission somehow is a bad thing," he said. Spencer is also pushing for increased awareness of PrEP [pre-exposure prophylaxis], a once-a-day drug that greatly decreases the risk of HIV infection.
[byline: John Genovese]
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[This upswing in HIV infection is implied to be primarily in the MSM (men who have sex with men) community and state laws seem to have thwarted education efforts in this regard. The availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy has made overwhelmingly differences in the morbidity and mortality of HIV infection but requires, at this point, life-long therapy to control. Education regarding safe sex practices in both homosexual and heterosexual situations and the availability of pre-exposure prophylaxis therapy should directly affect this increase in cases. Infected bisexual males represent a reservoir to infect women as well.
Whether life-long therapy will always be required continues to be investigated.
One approach, studied in a simian model uses monoclonal antibodies and a human trial is being organized: dual antibody treatment suppresses HIV-like virus in monkeys https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/dual-antibody-treatment-suppresses-hiv-virus-monkeys/:
"HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, attacks the body's immune system. This assault leaves people vulnerable to developing other infections and diseases. Although treatments can control HIV infection, HIV persists in the body for a lifetime.
"Researchers have isolated many human antibodies that neutralize multiple strains of HIV. Scientists have gained important insights into how these broadly neutralizing antibodies bind to the virus and why they're effective. However, designing a strategy that allows the human immune system to mount an effective attack against the virus remains a challenge.
"A team led by Dr Malcolm A Martin at NIH's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and Dr Michel C Nussenzweig at Rockefeller University has been exploring therapeutic approaches using broadly neutralizing antibodies. Their latest study, in rhesus macaques, appeared online on 13 Mar 2017, in Nature (Nishimura Y, Gautam R, Chun TW, et al. Early antibody therapy can induce long-lasting immunity to SHIV. Nature. 2017. doi: 10.1038/nature21435. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 28289286; http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v543/n7646/full/nature21435.html).
"The researchers inoculated 13 monkeys with SHIV, an HIV-like virus that infects monkeys. 3 days afterward, when infection could first be confirmed, the scientists began intravenous infusions of 2 potent, broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies. The antibodies, called 3BNC117 and 10-1074, each bind to a different site on SHIV. The animals received 3 antibody infusions over a 2-week period. The infusions suppressed SHIV to levels near or below the limit of standard detection methods for as long as 6 months. The virus then rebounded in all but one animal. However, 5 to 22 months later, the immune systems of 6 monkeys regained control of the virus, and the virus remained undetectable for another 5 to 13 months. These monkeys had continuously maintained healthy levels of key immune cells after receiving the antibody infusions. 4 other monkeys that failed to regain complete control of the virus maintained extremely low levels of SHIV in their blood for 2-3 years after infection. Thus, 10 of the 13 monkeys gained lasting benefits from the neutralizing HIV antibodies.
"Immune cells called CD8+ T cells help destroy infected cells. To test whether these immune cells played a role in the extended control of SHIV, the scientists depleted CD8+ T cells in the 6 controller monkeys. Without these immune cells, SHIV levels in the monkeys' blood rose, showing that CD8+ T cells were responsible for controlling SHIV after the antibody infusions.
"What really surprised us was that we could control SHIV for 2 to 3 years without any anti-viral drugs by infusing the antibodies right after the animals became infected," Martin says.
"Studies are now under way to test whether receiving neutralizing antibodies 2 to 6 weeks after infection -- timing that more closely resembles how soon an HIV-infected person first seeks medical attention -- will still enable monkeys to control SHIV. Clinical trials testing the antibody combination in people are also underway. Researchers are now recruiting HIV-infected and uninfected adults."
Another approach involves the CRISPR [clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats] system to extract the integrated HIV provirus from the genome of infected individuals (http://www.philly.com/philly/health/health-news/Temple-uses-gene-editing-to-eliminate-HIV-infection-in-mice.html):
"Temple University researchers on [Mon 1 May 2017] said they had used a gene-editing technique to snip out HIV DNA from the genetic code of mice, bolstering the hope that the infection can be cured.
"The work, done with University of Pittsburgh scientists and published in the journal Molecular Therapy, builds on several years of Temple experiments that initially showed the AIDS virus could be cut from cells in lab dishes. A permanent cure for HIV has been elusive because the virus can maintain a simmering reservoir of infection in certain cells. Antiviral drugs suppress replication so that only a tiny minority of immune cells have the infection, but if the drugs are stopped, the latent virus can break out and resume its destructive course.
"The new study is the 1st to demonstrate that HIV replication can be shut down and the virus eliminated from animal cells by using the gene editing technology, called CRISPR/Cas 9. It combines a synthetic "guide RNA" -- a genetic analogue of the search function in a word processor -- with an enzyme that acts like a molecular scissors.
"The study, co-led by Kamel Khalili, director of Temple's center for neurovirology, successfully used the gene editing strategy in 2 mouse models -- one representing a newly acquired infection, when the virus is actively replicating, the other representing chronic, or latent, infection. The next step would be to repeat the study in primates such as monkeys, because they more closely mimic human HIV infection, Khalili said in a news release.
"CRISPR technology is barely 6 years old and has not been used in humans. Last year [2016], a federal advisory panel approved a University of Pennsylvania proposal to use CRISPR to engineer immune cells to fight certain types of cancer, but the trial must still be approved by the FDA."
[byline: Marie McCullough]
One of the group's papers is:
Chaoran Y, Zhang T, Qu X, et al. In vivo excision of HIV-1 provirus by saCas9 and multiplex single-guide RNAs in animal models. Molecular Therapy 2017; pii: S1525-0016(17)30110-7; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.03.012.
Abstract
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"CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated genome editing provides a promising cure for HIV-1/AIDS; however, gene delivery efficiency in vivo remains an obstacle to overcome. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of excising the HIV-1 provirus in 3 different animal models using an all-in-one adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector to deliver multiplex single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) plus _Staphylococcus aureus_ Cas9 (saCas9). The quadruplex sgRNAs/saCas9 vector outperformed the duplex vector in excising the integrated HIV-1 genome in cultured neural stem/progenitor cells from HIV-1 Tg26 transgenic mice. Intravenously injected quadruplex sgRNAs/saCas9 AAV-DJ/8 excised HIV-1 proviral DNA and significantly reduced viral RNA expression in several organs/tissues of Tg26 mice. In EcoHIV acutely infected mice, intravenously injected quadruplex sgRNAs/saCas9 AAV-DJ/8 reduced systemic EcoHIV infection, as determined by live bioluminescence imaging. Additionally, this quadruplex vector induced efficient proviral excision, as determined by PCR genotyping in the liver, lungs, brain, and spleen. Finally, in humanized bone marrow/liver/thymus (BLT) mice with chronic HIV-1 infection, successful proviral excision was detected by PCR genotyping in the spleen, lungs, heart, colon, and brain after a single intravenous injection of quadruplex sgRNAs/saCas9 AAV-DJ/8. In conclusion, in vivo excision of HIV-1 proviral DNA by sgRNAs/saCas9 in solid tissues/organs can be achieved via AAV delivery, a significant step toward human clinical trials."
- Mod.LL
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail map can be accessed at: http://healthmap.org/promed/p/207.]
See Also
Syphilis - USA: (NC) increased incidence, ocular, HIV-coinfection 20170330.4935408HIV - China: (ZJ) nosocomial transmission 20170210.4830673
2016
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Syphilis, gonococcal dis., HIV - Australia: (AC) increased incid & testing, 2015 20161119.4640115
Syphilis, gonococcal disease, HIV - Ireland: rising incidence, MSM 20161017.4564211
Syphilis, gonococcal disease, chlamydia, HIV - USA: (CA) LA, MSM, condom use 20160930.4527847
HIV: inaccuracy, viral load assay, RFI 20160713.4339758
HIV: USA (CO) nosocomial, India transfusion related 20160603.4264066
Syphilis - USA (04): (NC) incr. incidence, ocular, MSM, HIV, anon. online dating 20160320.4107520
Lymphogranuloma venereum - Czech Republic: incr., MSM, HIV coinfect., 2010-2015 20160320.4106603
HIV - Europe: laboratory infection 20160225.4050454
Hepatitis B & C, HIV - USA (02): (CO) nosocomial risk, alert 20160224.4041874
Syphilis, gonococcal dis., chlamydia - Canada: (BC,ON) inc. cases, MSM, HIV, RFI 20160212.4016426
Hepatitis B & C, HIV - USA: (CO) nosocomial risk, alert 20160205.3997234
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