viernes, 10 de octubre de 2014

CDC - Prevention Status Reports (PSR) - Teen Pregnancy - STLT Gateway

CDC - Prevention Status Reports (PSR) - Teen Pregnancy - STLT Gateway



Teen Pregnancy

PSR | 2013



Each year in the United States, about 750,000 women under age 20 become pregnant.1 In 2011, approximately 330,000 teens 15-19 years of age gave birth.2
The Prevention Status Reports highlight—for all 50 states and the District of Columbia—the status of a key policy that states can use to prevent teen pregnancy:
This policy is consistent with recommendations in the US Department of Health and Human Services’ National Prevention Strategy to expand access to contraceptive services4 and with the Healthy People 2020 objective to "increase the number of States that set the income eligibility level for Medicaid-covered family planning services to at least the same level used to determine eligibility for Medicaid-covered, pregnancy-related care" (Objective FP-14).5


Policies & Practices

Expansion of state Medicaid family planning eligibility

Healthy People 2020 sets a target of increasing the number of states that set the income eligibility level for Medicaid coverage of family planning services to at least the same level used to determine Medicaid eligibility for pregnancy-related care (the level varies by state).5 This expansion of coverage would decrease the number of pregnancies, births, and abortions among teens, and increase the number of dollars saved, in each state.6-11
States can expand eligibility for Medicaid coverage of family planning services to include teens under age 18 years by 1) securing approval (officially known as a “waiver” of federal policy) from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 2) amending the state Medicaid plan with a State Plan Amendment (i.e., a permanent change to the state’s Medicaid program), or 3) expanding the full state Medicaid program.
By 2014, more states will expand the full Medicaid program in accordance with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.12 As a result, the use of family planning waivers and state plan amendments will be used together with the expansion of many state Medicaid programs. However, given the experience in Massachusetts13–15 with full expansion, CDC recommends that states retain family planning waivers and state plan amendments for several years after 2014 to maximize access to care during this transitional period.

Status of expansion of state Medicaid family planning eligibility, United States (as of August 2013)


Bar chart showing Status of expansion of state Medicaid family planning eligibility, United States (as of August 2013). Green: In 14 states, Medicaid family planning eligibility was income-based, met the income eligibility level for pregnancy-related care, and covered all women, including teens. Yellow: In 21 states, Medicaid family planning eligibility was limited, was not income-based, did not meet the eligibility level for pregnancy-related services, and/or excluded some teens. Red: In 16 states, eligibility for Medicaid coverage of family planning services had not been expanded. (State count includes the District of Columbia.)
(State count includes the District of Columbia.)


± How the ratings were determined
± More information on this indicator

  

Prevention Status Reports: Teen Pregnancy, 2013

The files below are PDFs ranging in size from 100K to 500K. 
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio*
Oklahoma*
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
*This report was updated on 4/16/14 to correct a data error to the graph, “Proportion of currently sexually active high school students who used a condom during last sexual intercourse.” 


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References

  1. Ventura SJ, Curtin SC, Abma JC, et al. Estimated pregnancy rates and rates of pregnancy outcomes for the United States, 1990–2008 Adobe PDF file [PDF 463K]. National Vital Statistics Reports 2012;60(7).
  2. Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Ventura SJ, et al. Births: final data for 2011 Adobe PDF file [PDF 1.6M]. National Vital Statistics Reports 2013;62(1).
  3. Hoffman S, Maynard R, eds. Kids Having Kids: Economic Costs and Social Consequences of Teen PregnancyExternal Web Site Icon. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute Press; 2008.
  4. US Department of Health and Human Services. National Prevention Strategy: America’s Plan for Better Health and Wellness Adobe PDF file [PDF 4.7M]External Web Site Icon. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2011.
  5. US Department of Health and Human Services. Family planningExternal Web Site Icon. In: Healthy People 2020. Updated Sep 6, 2012.
  6. Sonfeld A, Frost J, Gold R. Estimating the impact of expanding Medicaid eligibility for family planning services: 2011 update Adobe PDF file [PDF 2.1M]External Web Site Icon. New York, NY: Guttmacher Institute; 2011.
  7. Foster DG, Biggs MA, Rostovtseva D, et al. Estimating the fertility effect of expansions of publicly funded family planning services in CaliforniaExternal Web Site Icon. Women’s Health Issues 2011;21:418-24.
  8. Yang Z, Gaydos LM. Reasons for and challenges of recent increases in teen birth rates: a study of family planning service policies and demographic changes at the state levelExternal Web Site Icon. Journal of Adolescent Health 2010;46:517-24.
  9. Kearney MS, Levine PB. Subsidized contraception, fertility, and sexual behaviorExternal Web Site Icon. The Review of Economics and Statistics 2009;91(1):137–51.
  10. Lindrooth RC, McCullough JS. The effect of Medicaid family planning expansions on unplanned births Adobe PDF file [PDF 296K]External Web Site Icon. Women’s Health Issues 2007;17:66–74.
  11. Edwards J, Bronstein J, Adams K. Evaluation of Medicaid Family Planning Demonstrations. The CNA Corporation, CMS Contract No 752-2-415921:22; Nov 2003.
  12. US Department of Health and Human Services. Health Insurance MarketplaceExternal Web Site Icon. Accessed Aug 5, 2013.
  13. Dennis A, Blanchard K, Cordova D, et al. What happens to the women who fall through the cracks of health care reform? Lessons from MassachusettsExternal Web Site Icon. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 2013;38(2):393–419.
  14. Dennis A, Clark J, Cordova D, et al. Access to contraception after health care reform in Massachusetts: a mixed-methods study investigating benefits and barriersExternal Web Site Icon. Contraception 2012;85(2):166–72.
  15. Levy AR, Bruen BK, Ku L. Health care reform and women's insurance coverage for breast and cervical cancer screening. Preventing Chronic Disease 2012;9:E159.

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