Prostate Cancer Screening Among American Indians and Alaska Natives: The Health and Retirement Survey, 1996–2008
Prostate Cancer Screening Among American Indians and Alaska Natives: The Health and Retirement Survey, 1996–2008
ORIGINAL RESEARCH — Volume 12 — August 6, 2015
R. Turner Goins, PhD; Marc B. Schure, PhD; Carolyn Noonan, MS; Dedra Buchwald, MD
Suggested citation for this article: Goins RT, Schure MB, Noonan C, Buchwald D. Prostate Cancer Screening Among American Indians and Alaska Natives: The Health and Retirement Survey, 1996–2008. Prev Chronic Dis 2015;12:150088. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd12.150088.
PEER REVIEWED
Abstract
Introduction
Among US men, prostate cancer is the leading malignancy diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer death. Disparities in cancer screening rates exist between American Indians/Alaska Natives and other racial/ethnic groups. Our study objectives were to examine prostate screening at 5 time points over a 12-year period among American Indian/Alaska Native men aged 50 to 75 years, and to compare their screening rates to African American men and white men in the same age group.
Methods
We analyzed Health and Retirement Study data for 1996, 1998, 2000, 2004, and 2008. Prostate screening was measured by self-report of receipt of a prostate examination within the previous 2 years. Age-adjusted prevalence was estimated for each year. We used regression with generalized estimating equations to compare prostate screening prevalence by year and race.
Results
Our analytic sample included 119 American Indian/Alaska Native men (n = 333 observations), 1,359 African American men (n = 3,704 observations), and 8,226 white men (n = 24,292 observations). From 1996 to 2008, prostate screening rates changed for each group: from 57.0% to 55.7% among American Indians/Alaska Natives, from 62.0% to 71.2% among African Americans, and from 68.6% to 71.3% among whites. Although the disparity between whites and African Americans shrank over time, it was virtually unchanged between whites and American Indians/Alaska Natives.
Conclusion
As of 2008, American Indians/Alaska Natives were less likely than African Americans and whites to report a prostate examination within the previous 2 years. Prevalence trends indicated a modest increase in prostate cancer screening among African Americans and whites, while rates remained substantially lower for American Indians/Alaska Natives.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by grant no. P50 CA148110 from the National Cancer Institute.
Author Information
Corresponding Author: R. Turner Goins, PhD, Department of Social Work, College of Health and Human Sciences, Western Carolina University, 4121 Little Savannah Rd, Cullowhee, NC 28723. Telephone: 828-277-3515. Email: rtgoins@wcu.edu.
Author Affiliations: Marc B. Schure, Health Services Research and Development, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington; Carolyn Noonan, Dedra Buchwald, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
References
- National Cancer Institute. SEER cancer statistics review, 1975–2009 (vintage 2009 populations). Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute, 2012.
- US Cancer Statistics Working Group. United States Cancer Statistics: 1999–2007 incidence and mortality web-based report. Atlanta (GA): Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Cancer Institute, 2010.
- American Cancer Society. Cancer prevention and early detection: Facts and figures 2011. Atlanta (GA): American Cancer Society; 2013.
- Gomella LG, Liu XS, Trabulsi EJ, Kelly WK, Myers R, Showalter T, et al. Screening for prostate cancer: the current evidence and guidelines controversy. Can J Urol 2011;18(5):5875–83.PubMed
- US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for prostate cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 2008;149(3):185–91. CrossRefPubMed
- Moyer VA, US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for prostate cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 2012;157(2):120–34.CrossRef PubMed
- Carter HB, Albertsen PC, Barry MJ, Etzioni R, Freedland SJ, Greene KL, et al. Early detection of prostate cancer: AUA guideline. J Urol 2013;190(2):419–26. CrossRef PubMed
- American Cancer Society. Prostate cancer prevention and early detection. Oklahoma City (OK): American Cancer Society, 2014.
- Carlsson S, Vickers AJ, Roobol M, Eastham J, Scardino P, Lilja H, et al. Prostate cancer screening: facts, statistics, and interpretation in response to the US Preventive Services Task Force Review. J Clin Oncol 2012;30(21):2581–4. CrossRef PubMed
- Catalona WJ, D’Amico AV, Fitzgibbons WF, Kosoko-Lasaki O, Leslie SW, Lynch HT, et al. What the US Preventive Services Task Force missed in its prostate cancer screening recommendation. Ann Intern Med 2012;157(2):137–8. CrossRef PubMed
- Hoffman RM, Li J, Henderson JA, Ajani UA, Wiggins C. Prostate cancer deaths and incident cases among American Indian/Alaska Native men, 1999–2009. Am J Public Health 2014;104(Suppl 3):S439–45. CrossRef PubMed
- Henderson JA, Espey DK, Jim MA, German RR, Shaw KM, Hoffman RM. Prostate cancer incidence among American Indian and Alaska Native men, US, 1999–2004. Cancer 2008;113(5 Suppl):1203–12. CrossRef PubMed
- Clegg LX, Li FP, Hankey BF, Chu K, Edwards BK. Cancer survival among US whites and minorities: a SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) Program population-based study. Arch Intern Med 2002;162(17):1985–93. CrossRef PubMed
- White MC, Espey DK, Swan J, Wiggins CL, Eheman C, Kaur JS. Disparities in cancer mortality and incidence among American Indians and Alaska Natives in the United States. Am J Public Health 2014;104(Suppl 3):S377–87. CrossRef PubMed
- Steele CB, Cardinez CJ, Richardson LC, Tom-Orme L, Shaw KM. Surveillance for health behaviors of American Indians and Alaska Natives —findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2000–2006. Cancer 2008;113(5 Suppl):1131–41. CrossRef PubMed
- Swan J, Breen N, Burhansstipanov L, Satter DE, Davis WW, McNeel T, et al. Cancer screening and risk factor rates among American Indians. Am J Public Health 2006;96(2):340–50. CrossRefPubMed
- Cobb N, Espey D, King J. Health behaviors and risk factors among American Indians and Alaska Natives, 2000–2010. Am J Public Health 2014;104(Suppl 3):S481–9. CrossRef PubMed
- Juster FT, Suzman R. An overview of the Health and Retirement Study. J Hum Resour 1995;30:S7–56. CrossRef
- Heeringa SG, Connor JH. Technical description of the Health and Retirement Survey sample design. Ann Arbor (MI): University of Michigan Institute for Social Research; 1995.
- Ofstedal MB, Weir DR. Recruitment and retention of minority participants in the Health and Retirement Study. Gerontologist 2011;51(Suppl 1):S8–20. CrossRef PubMed
- Rhoades DA. National health data and older American Indians and Alaska Natives. J Appl Gerontol 2006;25(S1):9S–26S. CrossRef
- Paik MC. The generalized estimating equation approach when data are not missing completely at random. J Am Stat Assoc 1997;92(440):1320–9. CrossRef
- Barros AJ, Hirakata VN. Alternatives for logistic regression in cross-sectional studies: an empirical comparison of models that directly estimate the prevalence ratio. BMC Med Res Methodol 2003;3(1):21. CrossRef PubMed
- Coxe S, West SG, Aiken LS. The analysis of count data: a gentle introduction to Poisson regression and its alternatives. J Pers Assess 2009;91(2):121–36. CrossRef PubMed
- StataCorp. Stata statistical software: release 12. College Station (TX): StataCorp LP; 2011.
- US Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy people 2020. 2011. http://www.healthypeople.gov/. Accessed June 16, 2015.
- Itty TL, Hodge FS, Martinez F. Shared and unshared barriers to cancer symptom management among urban and rural American Indians. J Rural Health 2014;30(2):206–13. CrossRefPubMed
- Towne SD Jr, Smith ML, Ory MG. Geographic variations in access and utilization of cancer screening services: examining disparities among American Indian and Alaska Native Elders. Int J Health Geogr 2014;13(1):18. CrossRef PubMed
- Hodge F, Maliski S, Itty T, Martinez F. Colorectal cancer screening: the role of perceived susceptibility, risk and cultural illness beliefs among American Indians. J Cult Divers 2014;21(2):48–55.PubMed
- Guadagnolo BA, Cina K, Helbig P, Molloy K, Reiner M, Cook EF, et al. Assessing cancer stage and screening disparities among Native American cancer patients. Public Health Rep 2009;124(1):79–89. PubMed
- Gonzales KL, Harding AK, Lambert WE, Fu R, Henderson WG. Perceived experiences of discrimination in health care: a barrier for cancer screening among American Indian women with type 2 diabetes. Womens Health Issues 2013;23(1):e61–7. CrossRef PubMed
- Castor ML, Smyser MS, Taualii MM, Park AN, Lawson SA, Forquera RA. A nationwide population-based study identifying health disparities between American Indians/Alaska Natives and the general populations living in select urban counties. Am J Public Health 2006;96(8):1478–84. CrossRef PubMed
No hay comentarios:
Publicar un comentario