ProMED-mail

ProMED-mail

    

• 30 Aug 2015 Chikungunya (26): Americas, Asia
• 30 Aug 2015 Zika virus - Brazil (10): (PR)
• 30 Aug 2015 Eastern equine encephalitis - Panama (02) (DA) equine, confirmed, corr.
• 29 Aug 2015 Bovine tuberculosis, alpaca - Norway: ex Canada, RFI
• 29 Aug 2015 Jamestown Canyon virus - USA: (IA)
• 29 Aug 2015 Hand, foot & mouth disease - China (02): (HK) police recruits
• 29 Aug 2015 Eastern equine encephalitis - Panama (02) (DA) equine, confirmed
• 29 Aug 2015 Salmonellosis - USA (14): (WA, AK, OR) pork, st. i 4,[5],12:i:-, expanded recall
• 29 Aug 2015 Rabies - Malaysia (02): (PL) canine, human exposure
• 29 Aug 2015 Legionellosis - USA (11): (NY, CA, IL) RFI
• 29 Aug 2015 Rabies - Algeria: (TL) human, wolf susp, RFI
• 28 Aug 2015 MERS-CoV (119): Jordan, Saudi Arabia, nosocomial
• 28 Aug 2015 Brucellosis - Taiwan: suspected imported
• 28 Aug 2015 Toxic algae - Canada (AB)
• 28 Aug 2015 Tularemia - USA (15): (CO) rabbits
• 28 Aug 2015 Equine influenza, equine - Malaysia
• 28 Aug 2015 Leprosy - USA (05): (MI) ex FL
• 28 Aug 2015 Human enterovirus 71 - Europe: transmission patterns 2003-2013
• 28 Aug 2015 Plague - USA (13): (UT) fatal
• 28 Aug 2015 Sarcoptic mange, wombat - Australia
• 28 Aug 2015 Anthrax - Kenya (03): (NK) wildlife, OIE
• 28 Aug 2015 Mumps - USA (06): (IL) returning university students, further development
• 28 Aug 2015 Brucellosis - Russia (03): (ST) human, livestock
• 28 Aug 2015 Hemorrhagic fever w/renal synd. - Russia (03): (MR)
• 28 Aug 2015 Anthrax - Slovenia: (NO) bovine, OIE
• 27 Aug 2015 MERS-CoV (118): Saudi Arabia, Jordan ex Saudi Arabia ex Abroad, WHO, RFI
• 27 Aug 2015 Vibrio vulnificus - China: (HK) necrotizing fasciitis
• 27 Aug 2015 Plague - Madagascar (03): (AO) pneumonic, fatal
• 27 Aug 2015 Hepatitis A-like virus - USA: seals
• 27 Aug 2015 Salmonellosis - Australia (05): (VI) hotel, raw egg mayonnaise
• 27 Aug 2015 Pertussis - Australia (Canberra) New Zealand (South Island)
• 27 Aug 2015 Leishmaniasis - Argentina (02): Bolivia lends drug
• 27 Aug 2015 Influenza (43): Australia (QL), seasonal, influenza B, alert
• 27 Aug 2015 Influenza (42): WHO global update, seasonal
• 27 Aug 2015 Cyclosporiasis - USA (05): ex Mexico
• 27 Aug 2015 European foulbrood, apis - Europe: Sweden (OR), Malta (NO), OIE
• 27 Aug 2015 Anthrax - Kyrgyzstan (07): (NA) livestock slaughterhouse
• 27 Aug 2015 Avian influenza (184): Taiwan (CG) poultry, HPAI H5N2, OIE, spread
• 26 Aug 2015 Meningitis, meningococcal - Europe (02): (Sweden, UK) ex Japan, Boy Scouts alert
• 26 Aug 2015 Ebola update (101): WHO update, susp. NGO, vaccines, funding
• 26 Aug 2015 Small hive beetle infestation, apis - Costa Rica: (GU) 1st report, OIE
• 26 Aug 2015 European foulbrood, apis - Czech Republic: (KR) OIE
• 26 Aug 2015 Hand, foot & mouth disease - Philippines (02): alert
• 26 Aug 2015 Vesicular stomatitis - USA (14) (WY): livestock
• 26 Aug 2015 Leptospirosis, wildlife - Tasmania: Tasmanian devil
• 26 Aug 2015 Koi herpesvirus disease - UK: (England)
• 26 Aug 2015 Avian influenza (183): Nigeria (DE) poultry, HPAI H5N1, spread
• 26 Aug 2015 Chemical weapons - Syria: (02) mustard gas susp
• 26 Aug 2015 Plague - USA (12)
• 26 Aug 2015 E. coli EHEC - Canada (03): O157
• 26 Aug 2015 Dengue/DHF update (27): Americas, Asia
• 26 Aug 2015 MERS-CoV (117): Saudi Arabia
• 25 Aug 2015 Antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae - USA (07): ERCP endoscopes, FDA, update
• 25 Aug 2015 Hand, foot & mouth disease - Japan (02): alert
• 25 Aug 2015 Anthrax - Kyrgyzstan (06): (BA, NA) bovine, human
• 25 Aug 2015 American foulbrood, apis - South Africa (03)
• 25 Aug 2015 Lumpy skin disease, bovine - Greece (02): (MH) situation assessment
• 25 Aug 2015 Undiagnosed die-off, whale - USA: (AK) RFI
• 25 Aug 2015 Blastomycosis - USA (03): (WI) more cases, RFI
• 25 Aug 2015 Chikungunya (25): Americas, Asia
• 25 Aug 2015 Toxic algae - UK (02): (England) canine, fatal, alert
• 25 Aug 2015 Rabies - Malaysia: (PL) canine, OIE
• 25 Aug 2015 Tularemia - USA (14): (WY) fatality
• 25 Aug 2015 MERS-CoV (116): Saudi Arabia
• 24 Aug 2015 Crimean-Congo hem. fever - India (06): (GJ)
• 24 Aug 2015 Anthrax - Canada (10): (AB) bison, further confirmations
• 24 Aug 2015 Hantavirus update - Asia (03): India (MH)
• 24 Aug 2015 Pseudorabies, feral swine - USA: (CA)
• 24 Aug 2015 MERS-CoV (115): Saudi Arabia
• 23 Aug 2015 Ebola update (100): WHO, CIDRAP, susp. NGO, technology, funding
• 23 Aug 2015 MERS-CoV (114): Saudi Arabia, animal reservoir, camels, Hajj
• 23 Aug 2015 Anthrax - Canada (09): (AB) bison
• 23 Aug 2015 Malaria - South Sudan: (WR)
• 23 Aug 2015 Leishmaniasis - Bolivia (TR)
• 23 Aug 2015 Invasive mosquito - Europe: France (VP)
• 23 Aug 2015 Eastern equine encephalitis - Panama: (DA)
• 23 Aug 2015 Gastroenteritis - Brazil: USA rowers, RFI
• 22 Aug 2015 Plague - USA (11): (GA) ex CA, comments
• 22 Aug 2015 Anthrax - Moldova (02): (TE) human, ovine exposure
• 22 Aug 2015 Rabies - USA (28): (MS) bat strain in a cat
• 22 Aug 2015 Toxic algae - USA (04): (KS) water, alert
• 22 Aug 2015 Plague - USA (10): (NM)
• 22 Aug 2015 MERS-CoV (113): Saudi Arabia, experimental vaccine, inc. cases
• 22 Aug 2015 Equine infectious anemia - Canada (02): (SK) comment
• 22 Aug 2015 Cyanide, water - China: (TJ)
• 22 Aug 2015 Measles update (33)
• 22 Aug 2015 Theileria, bovine - Australia (02): (WA)
• 22 Aug 2015 African swine fever - Europe (18): Ukraine, Russia, Baltic, Poland, spread
• 21 Aug 2015 MERS-CoV (112): Saudi Arabia, WHO
• 21 Aug 2015 Equine infectious anemia - Canada: (SK)
• 21 Aug 2015 Avian influenza (182): Viet Nam (LO), poultry, HPAI H5N6, spread, OIE
• 21 Aug 2015 Vesicular stomatitis - USA (13): update
• 21 Aug 2015 Lumpy skin disease, bovine - Greece: (MH) 1st report, OIE
• 21 Aug 2015 Lumpy skin disease, bovine - Bulgaria: alert, preventive measures
• 21 Aug 2015 Mumps - USA (05): (IA) returning university students
• 21 Aug 2015 Legionellosis - USA (10): (New York City) outbreak over, source found, RFI
• 21 Aug 2015 Rabbit haemorrhagic disease - UK (02): (England)
• 21 Aug 2015 St. Louis encephalitis and West Nile viruses - USA (AZ)
• 21 Aug 2015 Plague - USA (09): (GA) ex CA
• 21 Aug 2015 Anthrax - Nigeria: bovine
• 21 Aug 2015 Haemophilus influenzae, type b - Canada: (ON): purpura fulminans, child, RFI
• 21 Aug 2015 Typhoid - Syria: (DI) refugee camp
• 21 Aug 2015 Undiagnosed febrile illness - India: (KA) children, scrub typhus susp, RFI
• 20 Aug 2015 MERS-CoV (111): Saudi Arabia, South Korea, RFI
• 20 Aug 2015 Equine viral arteritis - Spain
• 20 Aug 2015 Feline immunodeficiency virus - Norway: stray cats
• 20 Aug 2015 Rabbit hemorrhagic disease - UK: (England) susp.
• 20 Aug 2015 Cholera, diarrhea & dysentery update (26): Americas, Africa, Asia
• 20 Aug 2015 Meningitis, meningococcal - Europe: (Sweden, UK) ex Japan, Boy Scouts, RFI
• 20 Aug 2015 Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (09): (NC)
• 20 Aug 2015 Lethal necrosis, millet - Kenya: new host
• 20 Aug 2015 Invasive mosquito - Australia, Belgium
• 20 Aug 2015 Crayfish plague - Ireland: white-clawed crayfish mortality
• 20 Aug 2015 Ebola update (99): Liberia crisis, S.Leone, WHO, susp, control: corr
• 20 Aug 2015 Equine influenza vaccine - USA: new USEF rules
• 20 Aug 2015 Antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae - USA (06): ERCP endoscopes, FDA, update
• 20 Aug 2015 MERS-CoV (110): Saudi Arabia
• 20 Aug 2015 Brucellosis - Bulgaria (03): (KY, PV) livestock, OIE
• 20 Aug 2015 Ebola update (99): Liberia crisis, S.Leone, WHO, susp. control, vaccine, funding
• 19 Aug 2015 Japanese encephalitis & other - India (11): (ML)
• 19 Aug 2015 Gastroenteritis - Macedonia: Dutch-holidaymakers, norovirus susp.
• 19 Aug 2015 Tickborne relapsing fever - USA (03): (CA)
• 19 Aug 2015 Tularemia - USA (13): (NM, WY, AZ) human, animal
• 19 Aug 2015 Salmonellosis - USA (13): (WA) pork, st. i 4,[5],12:i:-
• 19 Aug 2015 Plague - USA (08): (CA)
• 19 Aug 2015 Anthrax - India (16): (TN) elephant
• 19 Aug 2015 Malaria - India (04): (OR)
• 19 Aug 2015 Plague, animal - USA (13): (CA) squirrel
• 19 Aug 2015 Bovine tuberculosis - Belgium (02): (LI) update
• 19 Aug 2015 Bacterial black spot, mango - Ghana
• 18 Aug 2015 MERS-CoV (109): Saudi Arabia, WHO
• 18 Aug 2015 Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (05): (TX)
• 18 Aug 2015 Tularemia - USA (12): (AK) hare, human
• 18 Aug 2015 Pythiosis - USA (02): (FL) canine
• 17 Aug 2015 MERS-CoV (108): Saudi Arabia, RFI
• 17 Aug 2015 Avian influenza (181): Palestinian Auth (GZ) HPAI H5, OIE
• 17 Aug 2015 Dengue/DHF update (26): Americas, Asia, Pacific, Europe
• 17 Aug 2015 Chikungunya (24): Americas, Asia, Europe
• 17 Aug 2015 Avian influenza (180): China, H5N2, H5N6, Ghana, H5N1, poultry, spread
• 16 Aug 2015 Hantavirus update - Americas (35): USA (CA)
• 16 Aug 2015 Measles update (32)
• 16 Aug 2015 Blastomycosis - USA (02): (WI) more cases, RFI
• 16 Aug 2015 Toxic algae - USA (03): (MA)
• 16 Aug 2015 Pythiosis - USA (FL): equine
• 16 Aug 2015 Vesicular stomatitis - USA (12): (CO) livestock
• 16 Aug 2015 Toxic algae - UK: (North Wales) warning
• 16 Aug 2015 Anthrax - Canada (08): (AB) bovine
• 16 Aug 2015 Ebola update (98): WHO, susp, control, funding
• 16 Aug 2015 La Crosse encephalitis - USA (02): (OH)
• 15 Aug 2015 Japanese encephalitis & other - India (10): (ML,AS)
• 15 Aug 2015 West Nile virus - Europe (03)
• 15 Aug 2015 Syphilis - New Zealand (02): (CA) MSM
• 15 Aug 2015 E. coli EHEC - USA (12): (IN) fatal
• 15 Aug 2015 Salmonellosis - USA (12): (WA) pork, serotype I 4,[5],12:i:-
• 15 Aug 2015 Avian influenza (179): Mexico (SI) poultry, LPAI H5N2, OIE
• 15 Aug 2015 Vibrio parahaemolyticus - Canada (BC,AB): shellfish
• 15 Aug 2015 Perkinsea-like infection, amphibian - worldwide: conservation concern
• 15 Aug 2015 Gyrodactylus salaris - Sweden: (KO) trout, OIE
• 15 Aug 2015 African swine fever - Europe (17): Russia, Ukraine, Baltic, spread
• 15 Aug 2015 Diphtheria - Europe: cutaneous, refugees
• 15 Aug 2015 Hantavirus update - Americas (34): Argentina (SA)
• 15 Aug 2015 West Nile virus - Europe (02)
• 14 Aug 2015 Rocky mountain spotted fever - USA: (OK) severe complication
• 14 Aug 2015 Heat exhaustion - Sudan: (NO) fatal, MOH
• 14 Aug 2015 Duck hepatitis virus - Japan: (HG) OIE
• 14 Aug 2015 Strep. Group B - Singapore (02): fish susp, RFI
• 14 Aug 2015 Legionellosis - USA (09): (NY) new outbreak, RFI
• 13 Aug 2015 Lassa Fever - Nigeria (07)
• 13 Aug 2015 Canine distemper, wildlife - USA (03): (MT) raccoon, alert
• 13 Aug 2015 Cholera, diarrhea & dysentery update (25): Nepal
• 13 Aug 2015 Cyclosporiasis - USA (04): ex Mexico
• 13 Aug 2015 Avian influenza (178): Nigeria (SW) poultry, HPAI H5N1, spread
• 13 Aug 2015 Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (08): (MT) equine, NOT, corr
• 13 Aug 2015 Legionellosis - USA (08): (New York City) update
• 13 Aug 2015 MERS-CoV (107): Saudi Arabia, South Korea, WHO
• 13 Aug 2015 Syphilis - Slovakia: (BL,KI) 2014 rising incidence, RFI
• 13 Aug 2015 Ebola update (97): WHO update, control, survivors, vaccine, research
• 12 Aug 2015 Epizootic ulcerative synd., fish - South Africa (02): (WC) OIE
• 12 Aug 2015 Salmonellosis, bovine - Norway
• 12 Aug 2015 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease - Italy: (PU)
• 12 Aug 2015 Anthrax, elephant - Botswana (02): (CH) OIE
• 12 Aug 2015 Coccidioidomycosis - USA: (NV)
• 12 Aug 2015 African swine fever - Ukraine (05): (PL) domestic swine, OIE
• 12 Aug 2015 Physoderma, maize - USA: emerging
• 12 Aug 2015 Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (08): (MT) equine
• 12 Aug 2015 Anthrax - USA (19): (TX) equine
• 11 Aug 2015 MERS-CoV (106): Saudi Arabia, South Korea
• 11 Aug 2015 Equine piroplasmosis - Ecuador: (GY) OIE
• 11 Aug 2015 Leaf rust, barley - Australia: (WA)
• 11 Aug 2015 Infectious pancreatic necrosis, fish - USA (AR)
• 11 Aug 2015 Strangles, equine - Canada (NS)
• 11 Aug 2015 Konzo disease - Zambia: cassava poisoning
• 11 Aug 2015 Toxic algae - China (AH)
• 10 Aug 2015 Dengue/DHF update (25): Americas, Asia
• 10 Aug 2015 Cyclosporiasis - Canada
• 10 Aug 2015 Anthrax - China (04): (SA) human, animal, control
• 10 Aug 2015 MERS-CoV (105): Saudi Arabia, RFI
• 10 Aug 2015 Rabies - Syria: (DY) human, canine, RFI
• 10 Aug 2015 Ulcerative dermal necrosis, salmon - UK: (England)
• 10 Aug 2015 MERS-CoV (104): Saudi Arabia, animal reservoir, camel debate
• 10 Aug 2015 Chikungunya (23): Americas, Asia, Europe
• 10 Aug 2015 Influenza (41): WHO global update, seasonal
• 10 Aug 2015 Brucellosis - Algeria: (BU) human, livestock
• 09 Aug 2015 Ebola update (96): WHO update, post-Ebola syndrome, vaccine, research
• 09 Aug 2015 Anthrax - Bulgaria (05): (VN) ovine, control, RFI
• 09 Aug 2015 Gonococcal disease - USA (05): (NY) increasing incidence, RFI
• 09 Aug 2015 MERS-CoV (103): Saudi Arabia
• 09 Aug 2015 Whirling disease, salmonids - USA: (NC) trout
• 09 Aug 2015 Measles update (31)
• 09 Aug 2015 Malaria - Puerto Rico ex Dominican Republic: susp, RFI
• 08 Aug 2015 Plague - USA (07): (CO)
• 08 Aug 2015 MERS-CoV (102): Saudi Arabia, South Korea
• 08 Aug 2015 Glanders, equine - Brazil: (RJ)
• 08 Aug 2015 Japanese encephalitis & other - India (09): (TN)
• 08 Aug 2015 Rabies - USA (27): (AR) canine, human exposure
• 08 Aug 2015 Undiagnosed deaths, ovine - Iceland (03): RFI
• 08 Aug 2015 Scabies - France: (PC) illegal immigrants, skin infections
• 08 Aug 2015 Anthrax - Canada (07): (SK): bison
• 08 Aug 2015 Bovine tuberculosis - Belgium: (LI)
• 08 Aug 2015 Undiagnosed hemorrhagic fever - Congo DR: (TO) RFI
• 08 Aug 2015 Anthrax - China (03): (SA) human, animal, RFI
• 08 Aug 2015 Japanese encephalitis - UK: (Wales) ex China, coma, alert
• 07 Aug 2015 MERS-CoV (101): Saudi Arabia, South Korea, WHO, RFI
• 07 Aug 2015 Sheep pox & goat pox - Russia: (DA) ovine, caprine, OIE, RFI
• 07 Aug 2015 Citrus tristeza virus - Italy: (SC)
• 07 Aug 2015 Hendra virus, equine - Australia (03): vaccine concerns
• 07 Aug 2015 Legionellosis - USA (07): (New York City) update
• 07 Aug 2015 Plague - USA (06): (CA)
• 06 Aug 2015 Mumps - Ireland (02)
• 06 Aug 2015 St. Louis encephalitis virus - USA: (CA) mosquitoes
• 06 Aug 2015 Vibrio vulnificus - USA (02): (VA) fatality
• 06 Aug 2015 Legionellosis - USA (06): (New York City) comment
• 06 Aug 2015 Ross River virus - Netherlands ex Australia
• 06 Aug 2015 Plague - USA (05): (CO) fatality
• 06 Aug 2015 La Crosse encephalitis - USA: (NC)
• 06 Aug 2015 Influenza, swine (03): USA, evolutionary dynamics IAV in swine, human threat
• 06 Aug 2015 Brucellosis - Bulgaria (02): (KY) human, caprine
• 06 Aug 2015 Hand, foot & mouth disease - Thailand: (Bangkok)
• 05 Aug 2015 Ebola update (95): WHO, susp, vaccine, research, funding
• 05 Aug 2015 Hantavirus update - Asia (02): India (MH) RFI
• 05 Aug 2015 Rabies - Ukraine: (KK) human, feline exposure
• 05 Aug 2015 Anthrax - Armenia: ex Georgia, human
• 05 Aug 2015 Legionellosis - USA (05): (New York City) fatal, update
• 05 Aug 2015 NDM-1 carrying Gram-negative bacillus - France: (MR) poss ex Viet Nam, RFI
• 05 Aug 2015 Anthracnose, chili - Fiji
• 05 Aug 2015 Foot & mouth disease - Botswana (04): (North West) bovine, st pending, OIE
• 05 Aug 2015 Undiagnosed disease, coconut palm - Guyana: (ES)
• 04 Aug 2015 MERS-CoV (100): Saudi Arabia, South Korea
• 04 Aug 2015 Hantavirus update - Americas (33): USA (IN)
• 04 Aug 2015 Rabies - Viet Nam, Indonesia: failing control
• 04 Aug 2015 Invasive mosquito - USA (07): (AZ) comment
• 04 Aug 2015 Malaria vaccine: pediatric, positive opinion, EMA
• 04 Aug 2015 Anthrax - Uzbekistan (02): (SA) human, NOT
• 04 Aug 2015 Anthrax - China (02): (LN) livestock, human
• 04 Aug 2015 Peste des petits ruminants - Morocco (03): (CO) ovine, OIE, spread
• 04 Aug 2015 Lumpy skin disease, bovine - Saudi Arabia (02): (SH) spread, vaccination, RFI
• 04 Aug 2015 MERS-CoV (99): South Korea, Saudi Arabia, MOH
• 04 Aug 2015 Avian influenza, human (119): China (Hong Kong) H7N9 epidemiological study
• 04 Aug 2015 Anthrax - India (15): (OR) park elephant
• 04 Aug 2015 Influenza, swine (02): USA (MN) novel strains, human infection
• 03 Aug 2015 Hepatitis E - South Sudan: (WH) IDP camp
• 03 Aug 2015 Crimean-Congo hem. fever - Pakistan (08): ex Afghanistan susp.
• 03 Aug 2015 Dengue/DHF update (24): Americas, Asia
• 03 Aug 2015 Chikungunya (22): Americas
• 03 Aug 2015 Legionellosis - USA (04): (New York City) fatal, update
• 02 Aug 2015 Salmonellosis - USA (11): (WA) pork, serotype I 4,[5],12:i:-
• 02 Aug 2015 Ebola update (94): WHO, UNMEER, susp. research, funding
• 02 Aug 2015 Invasive mosquito - USA (06): (AZ)
• 02 Aug 2015 Rabies - South Africa: (FS) human
• 02 Aug 2015 Amebic meningoencephalitis, primary - Pakistan (03)
• 02 Aug 2015 Cyclosporiasis - USA (03)
• 02 Aug 2015 Blastomycosis - USA: (WI) tubing, RFI
• 02 Aug 2015 Measles update (30)
• 02 Aug 2015 Tularemia - USA (11): (WY) rabbit
• 02 Aug 2015 Malaria - India (04): (KL)
• 02 Aug 2015 Meningitis, meningococcal - Niger (05): serogroup C, fatal, vaccine shortage
• 02 Aug 2015 Vesicular stomatitis - USA (11): (SD)
• 02 Aug 2015 Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (07): (TX) equine
• 02 Aug 2015 Plague, animal - USA (12): (CO) feline
• 01 Aug 2015 Brucellosis - Israel
• 01 Aug 2015 Hepatitis C - Russia: injection drug use
• 01 Aug 2015 Ebola update (93): positive vaccine trial results
• 01 Aug 2015 Undiagnosed deaths, ovine - Kazakhstan: (QO) RFI
• 01 Aug 2015 Yellow fever - Americas (10): Brazil (TO), monkeys
• 01 Aug 2015 Salmonellosis - USA (10): (ID) food cooperative
• 01 Aug 2015 Foot & mouth disease - Botswana (03): (NW) bovine, serotype pending, OIE
• 01 Aug 2015 Rabies - USA (26): (VA) otter, human exposure
• 01 Aug 2015 Potomac horse fever, equine - USA: (MD)
• 01 Aug 2015 Tularemia - USA (10): (CO, SD)
• 01 Aug 2015 Salmonellosis - USA (09): (NC) restaurant, st Typhimurium
• 01 Aug 2015 Brucellosis - Bulgaria: (KY) human, caprine
• 01 Aug 2015 Botulism - USA (12): (OH) church dinner, home-canned potatoes, fatal