Preventing Chronic Disease | A Comparison of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Households in Rural Uganda With and Without a Resident With Type 2 Diabetes, 2012–2013 - CDC
A Comparison of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Households in Rural Uganda With and Without a Resident With Type 2 Diabetes, 2012–2013
Jannie Nielsen, PhD; Silver K. Bahendeka, PhD; Edward W. Gregg, PhD; Susan R. Whyte, PhD; Ib C. Bygbjerg, DSCi(Med); Dan W. Meyrowitsch, PhD
Suggested citation for this article: Nielsen J, Bahendeka SK, Gregg EW, Whyte SR, Bygbjerg IC, Meyrowitsch DW. A Comparison of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Households in Rural Uganda With and Without a Resident With Type 2 Diabetes, 2012–2013. Prev Chronic Dis 2015;12:140486. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd12.140486
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Abstract
Introduction
Few studies have examined the health consequences of living in a household with a person who has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We assessed the association of sharing a household with a person with diagnosed T2D and risk factors for cardio-metabolic diseases in Uganda, a low-income country.
Few studies have examined the health consequences of living in a household with a person who has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We assessed the association of sharing a household with a person with diagnosed T2D and risk factors for cardio-metabolic diseases in Uganda, a low-income country.
Methods
Ninety households with 437 residents in southwestern Uganda were studied from December 2012 through March 2013. Forty-five of the households had a member with diagnosed T2D (hereafter “diabetic household”), and 45 households had no member with diagnosed T2D (hereafter “nondiabetic household”). We compared glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hypertension, anthropometry, aerobic capacity, physical activity, nutrition, smoking, and diabetes-related knowledge of people without diagnosed T2D living in diabetic and nondiabetic households.
Ninety households with 437 residents in southwestern Uganda were studied from December 2012 through March 2013. Forty-five of the households had a member with diagnosed T2D (hereafter “diabetic household”), and 45 households had no member with diagnosed T2D (hereafter “nondiabetic household”). We compared glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hypertension, anthropometry, aerobic capacity, physical activity, nutrition, smoking, and diabetes-related knowledge of people without diagnosed T2D living in diabetic and nondiabetic households.
Results
People living in diabetic households had a significantly higher level of diabetes-related knowledge, lower levels of FPG (5.6 mmol/L vs 6.0 mmol/L), and fewer smoked (1.3% vs 12.9%) than residents of nondiabetic households. HbA1c was significantly lower in people aged 30 years or younger (5.2% vs 5.4%) and in males (5.2% vs 5.4%) living in diabetic households compared to residents of nondiabetic households. No differences were found between the 2 types of households in overweight and obesity, upper-arm fat area, intake of staple foods or cooking oil, or physical activity.
People living in diabetic households had a significantly higher level of diabetes-related knowledge, lower levels of FPG (5.6 mmol/L vs 6.0 mmol/L), and fewer smoked (1.3% vs 12.9%) than residents of nondiabetic households. HbA1c was significantly lower in people aged 30 years or younger (5.2% vs 5.4%) and in males (5.2% vs 5.4%) living in diabetic households compared to residents of nondiabetic households. No differences were found between the 2 types of households in overweight and obesity, upper-arm fat area, intake of staple foods or cooking oil, or physical activity.
Conclusions
Sharing a household with a person with T2D may have unexpected benefits on the risk factor profile for cardio-metabolic diseases, probably because of improved health behaviors and a closer connection with the health care system. Thus, future studies should consider the household for interventions targeting primary and secondary prevention of T2D.
Sharing a household with a person with T2D may have unexpected benefits on the risk factor profile for cardio-metabolic diseases, probably because of improved health behaviors and a closer connection with the health care system. Thus, future studies should consider the household for interventions targeting primary and secondary prevention of T2D.
Acknowledgments
Dr. Nielsen’s PhD fellowship was partly funded by Novo Nordisk Fonden (grant no. 29847). The study was sponsored by University of Copenhagen, Thorvald Madsens Fond, Aase and Ejnar Danielsens Fond, and Christian and Otilia Brorsons Rejselegat. No sponsor had any influence on the study design; data collection, analysis, or interpretation; or the writing of this article. The remaining authors have declared no conflict of interest. We thank the people who opened their homes and took time to participate in this study, the field assistants for collecting data and carrying equipment up the mountain slopes, and the Kagando Hospital staff members for their hospitality and support. We also thank Professor Thomas Scheike, Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, for statistical analysis help; Associate Professor Pernille Kæstel and Ms Maria Pedersen of the University of Copenhagen for assistance with nutritional data; and Soren Brage, University of Cambridge, for assistance with step-test data. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Author Information
Corresponding Author: Jannie Nielsen, Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5, Building 9, Mailbox 2099, 1014 Copenhagen K., Denmark. Telephone number: (45) 35 32 69 79. Email: Jannien@sund.ku.dk.
Author Affiliations: Silver K. Bahendeka, St Francis Hospital Nsambya, Kampala, Uganda; Edward W. Gregg, Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Susan R. Whyte, Department of Anthropology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Ib C. Bygbjerg, Dan W. Meyrowitsch, Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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